UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A INFORMATION

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

(Amendment No.)

Filed by the Registrant ☒

Filed by a Party other than the Registrant  ☐

Check the appropriate box:

☐	Preliminary Proxy Statement
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☒	Definitive Proxy Statement
☐	Definitive Additional Materials
☐	Soliciting Material under Rule 14a-12

The Eastern Company

(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)

(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)

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☐	Fee computed on table in exhibit required by Item 25(b) per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 011.

THE EASTERN COMPANY

3 Enterprise Drive

Suite 408

Shelton, CT 06484

______________

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS

April 25, 20232024

______________

The Annual Meeting of Shareholders of The Eastern Company (“Eastern” or the “Company”) will be held on April 25, 20232024 at 11:00 a.m., Eastern Time. In light of public health concerns regarding the ongoing coronavirus pandemic,Time (the “Annual Meeting”). As in prior years, the Annual Meeting will continue to be held in a completely virtual meeting format only.of shareholders via live webcast. You will not be able to attend the Annual Meeting in person, but you will have the opportunity to participate in the virtual meeting, as you would in an in-person meeting.

The Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Company will be held for the following purposes:

	1.	To elect seven directors.
	2.	To cast a nonbinding advisory vote to approve the compensation of our named executive officers.
	3.	To cast a nonbinding advisory vote regarding the frequency of future advisory votes to approve the compensation of our named executive officers.
	4.	To ratify the Audit Committee’s appointment of Fiondella, Milone & LaSaracina LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm for fiscal year 2023.2024.
	5.4.	To transact such other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting of Shareholders or any adjournment thereof.

The Board of Directors has fixed February 28, 202327, 2024 as the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Annual Meeting or any adjournment thereof.

The Annual Meeting will be a completely virtual meeting of shareholders. You can accesswill be able to attend the Annual Meeting at https://agm.issuerdirect.com/eml. Shareholders of recordas well as vote and beneficial holders assubmit your questions during the live webcast of the closemeeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/EML2024 and entering the 16‐digit control number included in our notice of business on February 28, 2023 may ask questions and vote their shares at the Annual Meeting. If you were a shareholder of record asInternet availability of the close of business on February 28, 2023, to vote your shares at the Annual Meeting or submit questions at the Annual Meeting, you must log into the Annual Meeting using the control number foundproxy materials, on your proxy card voting instruction form or notice you previously received. Shareholders of record may vote at the Annual Meeting by followingin the instructions available on the meeting website during the Annual Meeting.

If you were a beneficial owner as of the close of business on February 28, 2023 of shares held in “street name” through a broker, bank or other nominee and you wish to votethat accompanied your shares at the Annual Meeting or submit questions during the Annual Meeting, you will need to provide proof of your authority to vote (a legal proxy), which you must obtain from such nominee reflecting your holdings. You may forward an e-mail from your nominee or attach an image of your legal proxy and transmit it via e-mail to Issuer Direct at proxy@issuerdirect.com, and you should label the e-mail “Legal Proxy” in the subject line. Requests for registration must be received by Issuer Direct no later than 12:00 a.m., Eastern Time, on April 19, 2023. You will then receive confirmation of your registration, with a control number by e-mail from Issuer Direct. At the time of the Annual Meeting, go to https://agm.issuerdirect.com/eml and enter the first 13 digits of your control number.materials.

If you do not have a control number, you may attend the Annual Meeting as a guest, but you will not have the option to vote your shares.

Your vote is very important. Whether or not you plan to attend the virtual Annual Meeting or any adjournment thereof, we urge you to submit your proxy as promptly as possible. If you attend the virtual Annual Meeting and vote at the Annual Meeting before your proxy is exercised, your proxy will be deemed revoked and will not be used.

All shareholders are cordially invited to attend the virtual Annual Meeting or any adjournment thereof. Management looks forward to having you there.

By order of the Board of Directors, Marianne Barr Treasurer and Secretary

Nicholas Vlahos

 Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, and Secretary

March 14, 202312, 2024

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PROXY STATEMENT

of

THE EASTERN COMPANY

for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders

To Be Held on April 25, 20232024

The Board of Directors of The Eastern Company (“Eastern,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) is furnishing this proxy statement in connection with its solicitation of proxies for use at the 20232024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and at any adjournment thereof (the “Annual Meeting”). This proxy statement is first being furnished to shareholders on or about March 14, 2023.12, 2024.

GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING VOTING AT THE ANNUAL MEETING

The Board of Directors of Eastern (the “Board”) has fixed the close of business on February 28, 202327, 2024 as the record date for determining the shareholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Annual Meeting. On the record date, there were 6,221,9766,208,125 outstanding shares of Eastern common stock, no par value (“Common Shares”), with each of the Common Shares entitled to one vote.

The presence at the Annual Meeting, or representation by proxy, of holders of a majority of the voting power of the Common Shares entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting is necessary to constitute a quorum.

If you grant a proxy to the persons named on Eastern’s proxy card, the Common Shares represented by your proxy will be voted at the Annual Meeting, either in accordance with the directions indicated on the proxy card, or, if no directions are indicated, in accordance with the recommendations of the Board contained in this proxy statement and on the form of the proxy card. If a proxy is signed and returned without specifying choices, the Common Shares represented thereby will be voted (1) “FOR” the election of each of: Mr. Fredrick D. DiSanto, Mr. John W. Everets, Mr. Charles W. Henry, Mr. James A. Mitarotonda, Mrs. Peggy B. Scott, Mr. Michael J. Mardy and Mr. Mark A Hernandez to the Board, each for a one-year term and until his or her successor has been duly elected and qualified; (2) FOR the approval, on an advisory basis, of the compensation of our named executive officers; (3) that future advisory votes to approve the compensation of our named executive officers be held every ONE YEAR and (4)(3) FOR the proposal to ratify the appointment of Fiondella, Milone & LaSaracina LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the Company’s 20232024 fiscal year. The Company is not aware of any matters other than those set forth herein which will be presented for action at the Annual Meeting. If other matters should be presented, the persons named in the proxy intend to vote such proxies in accordance with their best judgment.

If you submit a proxy and then wish to change your vote, you will need to revoke the proxy that you have submitted. A shareholder may revoke his or her proxy at any time before it is exercised by voting at the Annual Meeting or by timely delivery of a properly executed, later-dated proxy card or a written revocation of his or her proxy. A later-dated proxy card or written revocation must be received before the Annual Meeting by the Corporate Secretary of the Company at 3 Enterprise Drive, Suite 408, Shelton, CT 06484. You may also revoke your proxy by submitting a new proxy via the Internet at www.proxyvote.com or by telephone, no later than 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on April 24, 2023.2024. Attendance at the Annual Meeting does not, without further action, revoke the appointment of a proxy; however, your proxy may be revoked either by giving notice of revocation or voting at the Annual Meeting before your proxy is exercised.

The Common Shares are listed under the ticker symbol “EML” on The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (“NASDAQ”).

Solicitation of Proxies

The solicitation of proxies is made by the Company. The cost of solicitation of proxies will be borne by the Company. On approximately March 14, 2023,12, 2024, we mailed a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials advising our shareholders that they could view all of the proxy materials online or request a paper or e-mail copy of the proxy materials. This online access format expedites the delivery of materials, reduces printing and postage costs and reduces the environmental impact of our Annual Meeting.

How to Request a Paper or E-mail Copy of the Proxy Materials

You may receive a paper or e-mail copy of the proxy materials free of charge by requesting a copy through one of the following methods:

	1) BY INTERNET:	www.proxyvote.com
	2) BY TELEPHONE:	1-800-579-1639
	3) BY E-MAIL:	sendmaterial@proxyvote.com

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How to Attend and Vote at the Annual Meeting

You can access the Annual Meeting at https://agm.issuerdirect.com/emlwww.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/EML2024 beginning at 10:45 a.m. Eastern Time on April 25, 2023.2024. Shareholders of record and beneficial holders as of the close of business on February 28, 202327, 2024 may ask questions and vote their shares at the Annual Meeting. If you were a shareholder of record as of the close of business on February 28, 2023,27, 2024, to vote your shares at the Annual Meeting or submit questions during the Annual Meeting, you must log into the Annual Meeting using the control number found on your proxy card, voting instruction form or notice you previously received. Shareholders of record may vote at the Annual Meeting by following the instructions available on the meeting website during the Annual Meeting.

If you were a beneficial owner as of the close of business on February 28, 202327, 2024 of shares held in “street name” through a broker, bank, or other nominee, andthe proxy materials for the Annual Meeting are being forwarded to you wishby the broker, bank or other nominee holding your shares. The organization holding your shares is considered to be the shareholder of record for purposes of voting on the proposals being submitted to shareholders at the Annual Meeting. As a beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your broker, bank or other nominee regarding how to vote the shares in your account. You are also invited to virtually attend the Annual Meeting. However, if your shares are held in street name, you may not vote your shares at the Annual Meeting or submit questions during the Annual Meeting unless you will need to provide proof of your authority to vote (afirst request and obtain a valid legal proxy), which you must obtain from such nominee reflecting your holdings. You may forward an e-mailproxy from your nomineebroker, bank or attach an image of your legal proxy and transmit it via e-mail to Issuer Direct at proxy@issuerdirect.com, and you should label the e-mail “Legal Proxy” in the subject line. Registration requests must be received by Issuer Direct no later than 12:00 a.m., Eastern Time, on April 19, 2023. You will then receive confirmation of your registration, with a control number by e-mail from Issuer Direct. At the time of the Annual Meeting, go to https://agm.issuerdirect.com/eml and enter the first 13 digits of your control number.other nominee.

If you do not have a control number, you may attend the Annual Meeting as a guest, but you will not have the option to vote your shares or ask questions.

Online access to the meeting will open 15 minutes prior to the start of the meeting to allow time for participants to login and test device audio systems. We encourage participants to access the meeting in advance of the designated start time. After logging in, please review the rules of conduct for the meeting posted on the website.

Support will be available 15 minutes prior to, and during, the meeting to assist shareholders with any technical difficulties they may have accessing or hearing the virtual meeting. If participants encounter any difficulty, they should call the support team at the numbers listed on the login screen.

Subject to time constraints, we will answer relevant shareholder questions during the meeting.

Voting at the Annual Meeting

Except in the case of a contested election, directors will be elected by a majority of the votes cast by the shares entitled to vote in the election of directors at an annual meeting of shareholders if a quorum is present.  Consequently, a nominee will be elected as a director if the votes cast for the nominee’s election as a director exceed the votes cast against such nominee’s election as a director.  However, in a contested election, directors will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast.  An election will be considered to be contested if, as of the record date for the applicable annual meeting of shareholders, there are more nominees for election to the Board than there are positions on the Board to be filled by election at the annual meeting.  Because the election of directors at this year’s Annual Meeting is not a contested election, a nominee for election as a director at the Annual Meeting will be elected if the votes cast for the nominee exceed the votes cast against the nominee.

If a director is subject to reelection in an uncontested election by a majority of the votes cast, but a majority of the votes are cast against his or her reelection, then the Board will request that the director tender his or her resignation.  The Board will nominate for election or reelection as a director only those candidates who agree to tender, promptly following the annual meeting of shareholders at which they are elected or reelected as a director, irrevocable resignations that will be effective upon: (a) their failure to receive the required vote at the annual meeting of shareholders at which they face reelection; and (b) the acceptance of such resignation by the Board.  In addition, the Board will fill vacancies on the Board and new directorships only with candidates who agree to tender, promptly following their appointment to the Board, the same form of resignation tendered by other directors.  If an incumbent director fails to receive the required vote for reelection, the Board will act on an expedited basis to determine whether to accept or reject the director’s resignation.  A director whose resignation is under consideration must abstain from participating in any decision regarding that resignation.

With respect toEach of the advisory vote regarding the frequency of future advisory votes to approve the compensation of our named executive officers, the option (every one year, every two years, or every three years) that receives the highest number of votes cast will be the option deemed approved by shareholders.

4

Each matterother matters to be acted upon at the Annual Meeting other than the election of directors and the advisory vote regarding the frequency of future advisory votes to approve the compensation of our named executive officers will be approved if the votes cast in favor of the matter exceed the votes cast opposing the matter, assuming a quorum is present.

A broker “non-vote” occurs when a nominee holding shares for a beneficial owner does not vote on a particular proposal because the nominee does not have discretionary voting power with respect to that item and has not received instructions from the beneficial owner. An abstaining vote or a broker “non-vote” is considered to be present for purposes of determining a quorum but is not deemed to be a vote cast. As a result, abstentions and broker “non-votes” are not included in the tabulation of the voting results for the advisory vote regarding the frequency of future advisory votes to approve the compensation of our named executive officers, for which the option with the highest number of votes cast will be deemed approved, or the election of directors or the other matters to be acted on at the Annual Meeting, each of which requires the approval of a majority of the votes cast, and therefore do not have the effect of votes of opposition in such tabulations.

The Board recommends voting:

	·	“FOR the election of each of Mr. Fredrick D. DiSanto, Mr. John W. Everets, Mr. Charles W. Henry, Mr. James A. Mitarotonda, Mrs. Peggy B. Scott, Mr. Michael J. Mardy and Mr. Mark A. Hernandez as directors;
	·	FOR the approval, on an advisory basis, of the compensation of our named executive officers;
	·	That future advisory votes to approve the compensation of our named executive officers be held every ONE YEAR; and
	·	FOR the ratification of the appointment of Fiondella, Milone & LaSaracina LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the 20232024 fiscal year.

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Item No. 1

ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

At the Annual Meeting, seven directors will be elected to serve for one-year terms, which expire at the annual meeting of shareholders in 20242025 or when a successor is duly elected and qualified. Mr. Fredrick D. DiSanto, Mr. John W. Everets, Mr. Charles W. Henry, Mr. James A. Mitarotonda, Mrs. Peggy B. Scott, Mr. Michael J. Mardy and Mr. Mark A. Hernandez are the Company’s nominees for election at the Annual Meeting. All seven nominees are current directors whose terms expire in 2023.2024.

Unless otherwise specified in your proxy, the persons with power of substitution named in the proxy card will vote your Common Shares FOR each of the Company’s nominees. If a nominee is unable or unwilling to accept the nomination, the proxies will be voted for the election of such other person as may be recommended by the Board.  However, the Board has no reason to believe that the Company’s nominees will be unavailable for election at the Annual Meeting. Approval of the election of each director nominee requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes duly cast by holders of Common Shares represented at the Annual Meeting that are entitled to vote on the matter.

The Board recommends a vote FOR the election of each of Mr. Fredrick D. DiSanto, Mr. John W. Everets, Mr. Charles W. Henry, Mr. James A. Mitarotonda, Mrs. Peggy B. Scott, Mr. Michael J. Mardy and Mr. Mark A. Hernandez as directors. Proxies will be voted FOR the election of each of the nominees unless otherwise specified.

Each director has furnished the biographical information set forth below with respect to his or her present principal occupation, business and other affiliations. Information regarding each director’s beneficial ownership of equity securities of the Company is provided under “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in this proxy statement. Unless otherwise indicated, each director has been employed in the principal occupation or employment listed for at least the past five years.

Company Nominees for Election at the 20232024 Annual Meeting

For a one-year term expiring in 20242025

Fredrick D. DiSanto, age 61,62, is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of The Ancora Group, a provider of investment advisory, wealth management and retirement plan services to individuals and institutions, and has served in such capacities since 2014 and 2006, respectively. Mr. DiSanto was the President and Chief Operating Officer of Maxus Investment Group, a provider of financial advisory services, from 1998 until December of 2000. From 2001 to 2006, after Maxus Investment Group was sold to Fifth Third Bank, Mr. DiSanto served as Executive Vice President and Manager of Fifth Third Bank’s Investment Advisor Division.

Mr. DiSanto is an experienced public company director and has knowledge and background in finance, strategic planning, governance and international business. He currently serves on the Board of Regional Brands, Inc. and Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation. Previously, he served on the respective Boards of Directors of the Alithya Group, Axia Net Media Corporation and LNB Bancorp, Inc.

Mr. DiSanto has served as a director of the Company since 2016. Mr. DiSanto is Chairman of the AuditCompensation Committee and serves on the Audit, Executive, Capital Allocation and Investment, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees.

John W. Everets, age 76,77, has been a Partner in Arcturus Capital LLC, a venture capital firm in Boston, since 2016. Mr. Everets was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of SBM Financial, an investor group in Portland, Maine, from May 2010 until October 2016. Mr. Everets was also Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of The Bank of Maine from May 2010 until October 2016. Mr. Everets’ directorships at public companies in the past five years include Independent Director at Medallion Bank (since 2019), Medallion Financial Corp. (since 2017). Mr. Everets also serves on the Board of Directors of Newman’s Own Foundation. Mr. Everets is a former director of The Bank of Maine, which merged into Camden National Bank Financial Security Assurance, FSA, Dairy Mart and The Martin Currie Business Trust Edinburgh. From 1993 to 2004, Mr. Everets was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of HPSC, a provider of financing to medical and dental practices, which was acquired by GE Healthcare Financial Services, a provider of capital, financial solutions and related services for the global healthcare industry in 2004.  Mr. Everets became Chief Executive Officer of GEHPSC from 2004 until 2006. 

Mr. Everets has served as a director of the Company since 1993 and brings to the Board extensive knowledge of the Company’s business. Mr. Everets is Chairman of the CompensationCapital Allocation and Investment Committee effective January 1, 2022. Mr. Everets alsoand serves on the Audit Committee.and Compensation Committees.

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Charles W. Henry, age 73,74, is an attorney and partner with the law firm Henry & Giardina, LLP located in Woodbury, Connecticut.

Mr. Henry brings to the Board extensive knowledge of the Company’s business. Mr. Henry’s independent legal expertise is valuable to the Company if, and when, matters of law or regulation arise in the normal course of the Company’s business.  His law firm does not provide any services to the Company.

Mr. Henry has served as a director of the Company since 1989. Mr. Henry is Chairman of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and serves on the Compensation, Committee, the Executive, Committee, and Environmental, Health, and Safety Committee.Committees.

James A. Mitarotonda, age 68,69, is currently the Chairman, President and CEO at Barington Capital Group, L.P., an activist investment firm. He is also the Chairman, President and CEO of Barington Companies Investors, LLC, the general partner of Barington Companies Equity Partners, L.P., an activist investment fund. Since April 2022, Mr. Mitarotonda has served as an advisor to Rambus, Inc., a company that designs, develops, and licenses chip interface technologies and architectures that are used in digital electronics products, and in his capacity as Chairman, President and CEO of the Barington entities, has served as an advisor to each of Matthews International Corporation, a global provider of memorialization products, industrial technologies and brand solutions, since January 2023, and Griffon Corporation, a diversified manufacturing company, since January 2012.

From 2019 to 2022, Mr. Mitarotonda served as a Special Advisor to L Brands, Inc., a specialty retailer of women’s apparel and personal care products. Over the past five years, Mr. Mitarotonda has also served as (i) a director and Audit Committeeaudit committee member of Rambus, Inc. from April 2021 until April 2022; (ii) a director of Avon Products, Inc., a global manufacturer and marketer of beauty and related products, from April 2018 to January 2020; (iii) a director of OMNOVA Solutions Inc., a global provider of emulsion polymers and specialty chemicals, from March 2015 to April 2020; and (iv) a director of A. Schulman Inc., an international supplier of plastic compounds and resins, from October 2005 until August 2018.  Prior to such time, Mr. Mitarotonda served as a director of The Pep Boys – Manny, Moe & Jack, an automotive aftermarket service and retail chain, from August 2006 to February 2016, and as Chairman from July 2008 to July 2009. Mr. Mitarotonda has also served as a director of Barington/Hilco Acquisition Corp., a special purpose acquisition company, from February 2015 until January 2018, as Chief Executive Officer from February 2015 to May 2015, and as Chairman from February 2015 until May 2017. He has also served as a director of Ebix, Inc., a supplier of software and e-commerce services to the insurance, financial and healthcare industries, from January 2015 to March 2015; The Jones Group Inc., a designer, marketer and wholesaler of branded clothing, shoes and accessories, from June 2013 to April 2014; Griffon Corporation from November 2007 to January 2012; Ameron International Corporation, a multinational manufacturer of products and materials for the chemical, industrial, energy, transportation and infrastructure markets, from March 2011 to October 2011; and Gerber Scientific, Inc., an international supplier of automated manufacturing systems, from June 2010 to August 2011.

Mr. Mitarotonda received a B.A. in economics from Queens College, where he is currently a membertrustee emeritus of the Board of Trustees and a M.B.A from New York University’s Graduate School of Business Administration (now known as the Stern School of Business).

Mr. Mitarotonda has served as a director of the Company since 2015 and as Chairman of the Board since January 2016. Mr. Mitarotonda serves on the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee,and Capital Allocation and Investment Committees, and as Chair of the Executive Committee.

Peggy B. Scott, age 71,72, has served as the Chairperson of the Boardboard of Cleco Corporate Holdings LLC (NASDAQ: CNL), a public utility holding company, since April 2016, and was Chief Executive Officer from February 2017 until January 2018. She also serves on the boards of Martin Sustainable Resources, LLC, and the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Louisiana Foundation, including former roles as Chairperson and President. Her recent public company service includes Benefytt Technologies, Inc. (NASDAQ: BFYT) from 2019 until its acquisition in 2020 and Gresham Smith Partners until June 2022.

Previously, Mrs. Scott served as the Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of Blue Cross Blue Shield of Louisiana (BCBS), and as Chief Strategy Officer, overseeing growth strategies and operational performance in challenging markets. Prior to BCBS, she held senior executive positions in U.S. and international companies where she led transformations, growth strategies and operations in seven foreign countries. Earlier, Mrs. Scott was an office Managing Partner with Deloitte, a global public accounting firm, advising diverse companies, including manufacturers and industrial companies.

Mrs. Scott has served as a director of the Company since May 2019. She is Chairperson of the Environmental, Health, and Safety Committee and serves on the Audit Committee and Compensation Committee.Committees. Mrs. Scott is a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) and also Certified in Valuations (ABV and CVA) and Financial Forensics (CFF). She has expertise in strategy, finance, operations, acquisitions and international business.

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Michael J. Mardy, age 7475 is currently Chairman of the board of Vince Holdings (NYSE: VNCE), Lulu’s Fashion Lounge (NASDAQ: LVLU), Newman’s Own, Inc., and Penn Medicine Princeton Health. He was previously a member of the board of directors of Modus Link Global Solutions, Keurig Green Mountain, DAVIDs TEA, and True Leaf Brands. From 2003 to 2018, Mr. Mardy served as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Director of Tumi Holdings, an international manufacturer and marketer of travel goods and accessories based in South Plainfield, New Jersey. In addition to serving as an advisor to small growth companies, he has held several positions in finance working for Nabisco Brands and Keystone Foods and started his career at Coopers and Lybrand (now PricewaterhouseCoopers) as an audit supervisor.

Mr. Mardy has served as a director of the Company since June 2022 and serves onis Chairman of the Audit Committee and serves on the Environmental, Health, and Safety Committee.

Mark A. Hernandez, 56,57, has served as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer since January 2023 and as a director of the Company since June 2022. Mr. Hernandez led Navistar’s global manufacturing, supply chain, and logistics from 2018 to 2022, most recently as Executive Vice President from 2021 to 2022 and previously as Senior Vice President from 2018 to 2021. Navistar’s core business focuses on the truck, school bus, and genuine parts markets in North America, and sells trucks, powertrains and buses under the International and IC Bus brands, respectively. Prior to Navistar, from 2017 to 2018, Mr. Hernandez was an Experienced Practice Expert (Manufacturing and Commercial Vehicles) at McKinsey & Company, a global management consulting firm, focusing on business transformation. From 1994 to 2016, Mr. Hernandez held several roles at Daimler AG and Daimler Trucks North America, an automotive industry manufacturer of commercial vehicles, where he was a member of Leadership 2020 G16, reporting to the Daimler Board of Management. He graduated cum laude from the United States Naval Academy.

Mr. Hernandez served on the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and the Environmental, Health, and Safety Committee until his appointment as CEO in January 2023.

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Item No. 2

ADVISORY VOTE ON THE COMPENSATION OF OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

We are asking our shareholders to cast a non-binding advisory vote to approve the compensation of our named executive officers (each a “named executive officer” and collectively, the “named executive officers”) described in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis and the tabular and accompanying narrative disclosure regarding named executive officer compensation. We encourage you to read the Compensation Discussion and Analysis and the tables and narratives beginning on page 2118 for the compensation of our named executive officers.

As required by Section 14A(a)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), our shareholders are entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting to approve the compensation of the Company’s named executive officers, as disclosed in this proxy statement, pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K (the “Say-on-Pay Vote”). At our 20172023 annual meeting of shareholders held on May 3, 2017,April 25, 2023, an advisory vote was held on the frequency of the Say-on-Pay Vote. In such a vote, the Company’s shareholders voted to hold an advisory vote on the compensation of the Company’s named executive officers annually. In accordance with the results of that vote, our Board determined to submit the Say-on-Pay Vote to our shareholders every year.

We believe that the compensation of our named executive officers for 20222023 was consistent with our compensation philosophy and our performance described in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis. We are asking our shareholders to indicate their support for our named executive officers’ compensation arrangements as described in this proxy statement. The vote is not intended to address any specific item of compensation, but rather the overall compensation of our named executive officers described in this proxy statement.

While our Board values the opinions expressed by shareholders and intends to carefully consider the result of the shareholder vote on this proposal, the vote is an advisory vote only, and is not binding on the Company, the Board or the Compensation Committee. In considering the outcome of this advisory vote, the Board will review and consider all Common Shares voted in favor of the proposal and against the proposal. Abstentions and broker non-votes will have no impact on the outcome of this advisory vote.

The Board recommends that shareholders approve the compensation of our named executive officers as disclosed in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, and the tabular and accompanying narrative disclosure in this proxy statement by voting FOR the following resolution:

RESOLVED, that the compensation paid to the Company’s named executive officers, as disclosed pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K, including the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, compensation tables and narrative discussion, is hereby APPROVED, on a non-binding advisory basis.

The Board recommends a vote FOR the approval, on an advisory basis, of the compensation of our named executive officers as disclosed in this Proxy Statement pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K. Proxies will be voted FOR the proposal unless otherwise specified.

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Item No. 3

ADVISORY VOTE REGARDING THE FREQUENCY OF FUTURE ADVISORY VOTES TO APPROVE THE COMPENSATION OF OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

We are providing shareholders with the opportunity to cast an advisory vote regarding the frequency of future advisory votes to approve the compensation of our named executive officers, commonly known as a “say-on-frequency” vote. Shareholders may vote on whether the advisory say-on-pay vote should occur every one year, every two years or every three years.

We are required to hold an advisory say-on-frequency vote every six years. The Company’s shareholders were last provided with the opportunity to vote on the frequency of “say-on-pay” votes in 2017. At that time, our shareholders voted in favor of holding say-on-pay votes annually and the Board of Directors adopted this standard.

Although we recognize the potential benefits of having less frequent advisory votes on executive compensation (including allowing the Company additional time to conduct a more detailed review of its pay practices in response to the outcome of shareholder advisory votes), we recognize that the widely adopted standard, both among our peer companies and outside our industry, is to hold say-on-pay votes annually. We also acknowledge current shareholder expectations regarding having the opportunity to express their views on the Company’s compensation of its named executive officers on an annual basis. Considering investor expectations and prevailing market practice, the Board of Directors recommends that the advisory say-on-pay vote occur every one year.

The proxy card provides for four choices and shareholders are entitled to vote on whether the advisory vote on executive compensation should be held every one year, every two years or every three years, or to abstain from voting.

While our Board values the opinions expressed by shareholders and intends to carefully consider the result of the shareholder vote on this proposal, the vote is an advisory vote only, and is not binding on the Company, the Board, or the Compensation Committee.  In considering the outcome of this advisory vote, the Board will review and consider the outcome of the vote and shareholder feedback when deciding how frequently to conduct the advisory say-on-pay vote.  Abstentions and broker non-votes will have no impact on the outcome of this advisory vote.

Notwithstanding the Board’s recommendation and the outcome of the shareholder vote, the Board may in the future decide to conduct say-on-pay votes on a more or less frequent basis and may vary its practice based on factors such as discussions with shareholders and the adoption of material changes to its executive compensation programs.

The Board recommends a vote that future advisory votes to approve the compensation of our named executive officers be held every ONE YEAR. Proxies will be voted for the ONE YEAR option unless otherwise specified.

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Item No. 4

RATIFICATION OF APPOINTMENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Audit Committee has appointed Fiondella, Milone & LaSaracina LLP to continue as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the 20232024 fiscal year. The services provided by Fiondella, Milone & LaSaracina LLP may include an integrated audit of the consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting of the Company; assistance in connection with filing the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”); a review of the Company’s quarterly interim financial statements; assistance in connection with the filing of the Company’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q; assistance on financial accounting and reporting matters; preparation of state and federal tax returns; audits of employee benefit plans; and meetings with the Audit Committee. The Board recommends that shareholders vote at the Annual Meeting “FOR” ratification of the Audit Committee’s appointment of Fiondella, Milone & LaSaracina LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the 20232024 fiscal year.

It is the policy of our Audit Committee to approve all audit and acceptable non-audit engagements provided by the independent registered public accounting firm regarding the scope of the services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm. These services may include audit, audit-related, tax and other services. The independent registered public accounting firm and management are required to report to the Audit Committee regarding the extent of services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm in accordance with this policy.

The proposal to ratify the appointment of Fiondella, Milone & LaSaracina LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm will be approved if a quorum is present at the Annual Meeting and the votes cast in favor of the proposal exceed the votes cast opposing the proposal. The Audit Committee will consider the outcome of the shareholder vote in connection with the selection of Fiondella, Milone & LaSaracina LLP but is not bound by the vote. If the appointment is not ratified by shareholders, the Audit Committee will consider and determine whether a different registered public accounting firm should be selected.

We have been advised that representatives of Fiondella, Milone & LaSaracina LLP will be present at the Annual Meeting and will be available to respond to appropriate questions. Such representatives will have an opportunity to make a statement if they desire to do so.

All fees disclosed in the table below were approved in advance by our Audit Committee.

Audit Fees: Audit fees paid to Fiondella, Milone & LaSaracina LLP for 2023 include fees associated with the annual integrated audit and the reviews of the Company’s quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended April 1, 2023, July 1, 2023 and September 30, 2023. Audit fees for 2022 include fees associated with the annual integrated audit and the reviews of the Company’s quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended April 2, 2022, July 2, 2022 and October 1, 2022. Audit fees for 2021 include fees associated with the annual integrated audit and the reviews of the Company’s quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended April 3, 2021, July 3, 2021 and October 2, 2021.

Audit-Related Fees: Audit-related fees paid to Fiondella, Milone & LaSaracina LLP for 20222023 and 20212022 primarily include audits of the employee benefit plans of the Company.

Tax Fees: Tax fees paid to Fiondella, Milone & LaSaracina LLP for 20222023 were for preparation of the 20212022 federal and state income tax returns, and tax fees for 20212022 were for preparation of the 20202021 federal and state income tax returns.

The Board recommends a vote FOR the ratification of the appointment of Fiondella, Milone & LaSaracina LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the 20232024 fiscal year. Proxies will be voted FOR the proposal unless otherwise specified.

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AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

The Board has determined that all audit committee members are financially literate and are independent under the current listing standards of NASDAQ. The Board has also determined that Fredrick D. DiSanto, John W. Everets, Peggy B. Scott, and Michael J. Mardy qualify as “audit committee financial experts” as defined by SEC rules adopted pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

The Audit Committee oversees the Company’s financial reporting process on behalf of the Board.

Management has the primary responsibility for the financial statements and the reporting process, including the system of internal control. The independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for expressing an opinion on the conformity of those statements with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. Within this framework, the Audit Committee has reviewed and discussed the audited financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K with the independent registered public accounting firm and management. In connection therewith, the Audit Committee reviewed with the independent registered public accounting firm their judgments as to the quality and the acceptability of the Company’s accounting principles; the reasonableness of significant judgments; the clarity of disclosures in the financial statements; and other related matters as required to be discussed under generally accepted auditing standards in the United States.

In addition, the Audit Committee has discussed with the independent registered public accounting firm the independence of such firm from management and the Company, including the matters in the written disclosures required by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, including Auditing Standard No. 1301 (Communications with Audit Committees) and the Independence Standards Board, and has considered the compatibility of non-audit services with such firm’s independence.

The Audit Committee also discussed with the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm the overall scope and plan for their audit, their evaluation of the Company’s internal control and the overall quality of the Company’s financial reporting. The Audit Committee held four meetings with the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, both with and without management present, during fiscal year 2022.2023.

In reliance on the reviews and discussions referred to above, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board that the audited consolidated financial statements be included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 202230, 2023 for filing with the SEC. The Audit Committee has approved the selection of Fiondella, Milone & LaSaracina LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the 20232024 fiscal year.

Audit Committee:

Michael J. Mardy, Chairman

Fredrick D. DiSanto Chairman

John W. Everets

Peggy B. Scott

Michael J. Mardy

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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENTOwners and Management

The following table sets forth information, as of February 28, 2023,27, 2024, (unless a different date is specified in the notes to the table), with respect to (i) each person known by the Board to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the Company’s outstanding Common Shares, (ii) each current director of the Company and nominee to be a director of the Company, (iii) each of the named executive officers and (iv) all directors, nominees and executive officers of the Company as a group.  Except as set forth below, the Company knows of no person or group that beneficially owns 5% or more of the outstanding Common Shares. Unless set forth in the following table, the address of each shareholder is c/o The Eastern Company, 3 Enterprise Drive, Suite 408, Shelton, CT 06484.

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	(a)	The SEC has defined “beneficial owner” of a security to include any person who has or shares voting power or dispositive power with respect to any such security or who has the right to acquire beneficial ownership of any such security within 60 days. Unless otherwise indicated, the amounts owned reflect direct beneficial ownership and the person indicated has sole voting power and sole dispositive power with respect to the Common Shares indicated as beneficially owned. As of February 28, 2023,27, 2024, there were 6,221,9766,208,125 Common Shares outstanding.
		Amounts shown include the number of Common Shares (if any) subject to outstanding options or stock appreciation rights granted under the Company’s 2010 Executive Stock Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”) that are exercisable within 60 days after February 28, 202327, 2024 and the number of Common Shares (if any) underlying stock awards that are scheduled to vest within 60 days after February 28, 2023.27, 2024.   Reported shareholdings include, in certain cases, Common Shares owned by or in trust for a director or nominee, and in which all beneficial interest has been disclaimed by the director or the nominee.

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	(g)	Based on information set forth in Amendment No. 11 to Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 9, 2024 by Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (“Dimensional”), an investment adviser registered under Section 203 of the Advisers Act. Dimensional furnishes investment advice to four investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and serves as investment manager or sub-adviser to certain other commingled funds, group trusts and separate accounts (such investment companies, trusts and accounts, collectively referred to as the “Dimensional Funds”). In certain cases, subsidiaries of Dimensional may act as an adviser or sub-adviser to certain Dimensional Funds. In its role as an investment adviser, sub-adviser and/or manager, Dimensional or its subsidiaries may possess voting and/or investment power over the Common Shares that are owned by the Dimensional Funds and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of the Common Shares held by the Dimensional Funds. However, all Common Shares reported are owned by the Dimensional Funds, and Dimensional disclaims beneficial ownership of such Common Shares. Dimensional has sole voting power with respect to 413,283374,490 Common Shares, sole dispositive power with respect to 418,719377,976 Common Shares, and shared voting power and shared dispositive power with respect to 0 shares.
	(f)(h)	Based on information set forth in Amendment No. 7 to Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 14, 2023 by Minerva Advisors LLC, Minerva Group, LP, Minerva GP, LP, Minerva GP, Inc., and David P. Cohen. Each of Minerva Advisors LLC, Minerva Group, LP, Minerva GP, LP, Minerva GP, Inc., and David P. Cohen is deemed a beneficial owner of the 314,710Mr. Mitarotonda beneficially owns 32,189 Common Shares held by Minerva Group, LP. David P. Cohen isgranted to him under the beneficial owner of the 2,250 Common Shares that he owns individually and isDirectors’ Fee Program. He may also be deemed a beneficial owner of the 314,710to beneficially own 630,100 Common Shares beneficially owned by Minerva Group, LP and the 94,466 Common Shares held by Minerva Advisors LLC. Each of Minerva Advisors LLC, Minerva Group, LP, Minerva GP, LP and Minerva GP, Inc. has sole voting power and sole dispositive power with respect to 314,710 Common Shares. David P. Cohen has sole voting power and sole dispositive power with respect to 316,960 Common Shares. Each of Minerva Advisors LLC and David P. Cohen has shared voting power and shared dispositive power with respect to 94,466 Common Shares.

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	(g)	Based on information set forth in Amendment No. 1 to Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 15, 2023 by Forager Fund, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Fund”), Forager Capital Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and the general partner of the Fund (the “General Partner”), Edward Kissel and Robert MacArthur. TheBCEP (see footnote (d) above). Mr. Mitarotonda disclaims beneficial ownership of each reporting person is as follows: (i) the Fund beneficially owns 363,205 Common Shares; and (ii) each of the General Partner and Messrs. Kissel and MacArthur beneficially owns 464,141 Common Shares. The Fund has the sole power to vote and dispose of the Common Shares beneficially owned by such entity (as described above). The General Partner hasBCEP except to the sole power to vote and disposeextent of the Common Shares beneficially owned by it, consisting of the 363,205 Common Shares held by the Fund and an additional 100,936 Common Shares held by a separate account managed by the General Partner. Mr. Kissel has the sole power to vote and dispose of 0 Common Shares, and has the shared power to vote and dispose of 464,141 Common Shares. Mr. MacArthur has the sole power to vote and dispose of 0 Common Shares, and has the shared power to vote and dispose of 464,141 Common Shares.his pecuniary interest therein.
	(h)(i)	Mr. DiSanto’s shareholdings include direct ownership of 40,37462,218 Common Shares, over which he has sole voting power and sole dispositive power, and indirect ownership of an additional 55,767 Common Shares over which he has shared voting power and shared dispositive power.
	(j)	Mr. Mitarotonda beneficially owns 25,324Hernandez’s security ownership includes 14,108 Common Shares underlying stock awards granted to him under the Directors’ Fee Program. He may also be deemed to beneficially own 627,768 Common Shares beneficially owned by BCEP (see footnote (d) above). Mr. Mitarotonda disclaims beneficial ownership of the Common Shares beneficially owned by BCEP except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.on April 24, 2023 and July 10, 2023 which vested on March 1, 2024.
	(k)	Mr. Sullivan’sVlahos’s security ownership does not includeincludes 83 Common Shares underlying stock appreciation rights due to all currentlygranted on April 29, 2020 that became exercisable on February 1, 2023 and 2,478 Common Shares underlying stock awards granted on April 24, 2023 which vested shares having no value.on March 1, 2024.
	(l)	Mr. Vlak’s security ownership does not include Common Shares underlying stock appreciation rights due to all currently vested shares having no value.is from the latest filed Form 5 which was filed on January 30, 2023.
	(m)	Mr. Woidke’s security ownership includes 101 Common Shares underlying stock appreciation rights granted on April 29, 2020 that became exercisableis from the latest filed Form 4 which was filed on March 1, 2023
	(n)	Mr. Vlahos’s security ownership includes 14 Common Shares underlying stock appreciation rights granted on April 29, 2020 that became exercisable on March 1, 2023
	(o)	This total includes Common Shares beneficially owned by [1] executive officer who is not a named executive officer and does not include Common Shares beneficially owned by Mr. Vlak and Mr. O’Hara, each of whom is a named executive officer but is no longer an executive officer of the Company.2023.

DELINQUENT SECTION 16(a) REPORTS

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires the Company’s directors and officers, and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of a registered class of the Company’s equity securities, to file reports of ownership, and changes in ownership, of our Common Shares with the SEC. Based on a review of the Forms 3, 4 and 5 filed by such reporting persons and written representations from certain reporting persons, the Company believes that all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to its directors, executive officers and 10% owners were complied with for fiscal year 2022 and prior years, except for the following: (1) due to a clerical error, a Form 3 for Mr. Woidke was not filed at the time he became a Section 16 reporting person on December 16, 2020, but was subsequently filed on January 30, 2023; and (2) the Company inadvertently omitted Form 4 disclosure for Mr. Vlak and Mr. Woidke with respect to (a) the satisfaction of performance conditions on March 2, 2022 of the SARs granted in 2019 and (b) the grant on March 15, 2023 of the portion of the stock awards subject only to service-based vesting requirements.  Each of Mr. Vlak and Mr. Woidke subsequently disclosed the applicable transactions on a Form 5 filed on January 30, 2023.

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THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND COMMITTEES

The Board is committed to sound corporate governance practices and believes that our current corporate governance practices enhance the Company’s ability to achieve its goals and enable the Board to govern the Company with the highest standards of integrity. In 2018, the Board adopted new Corporate Governance Guidelines for the Board of Directors (the “Corporate Governance Guidelines”) that codify its practices. The Corporate Governance Guidelines, the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, and the charters of our Audit, Capital Allocation and Investment, Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees are available for review at the Company website at www.easterncompany.com under the heading by clicking on “Governance” under the heading “About Us”.

The current leadership structure of the Board allows it to perform its duties effectively and efficiently considering the relatively small size of the Company. In 2022,2023, the Board held seventwelve meetings. All directorsEach board member attended 100%more than 90% of the aggregate of all board meetings held.during the year and all committee meetings for committees of which the director was a member.  As set forth in the Corporate Governance Guidelines, the Board expects that all directors will attend the annual meeting of shareholders.

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The Board conducts annual self-evaluations to assess the effectiveness, processes, skills, functions and other matters relevant to the Board as a whole or to each particular committee. Results of the evaluations are summarized and discussed at Board and committee meetings for the purpose of improving the effectiveness of the Board and committees.

Because of the Company’s diversified engineering, manufacturing and marketing activities, risk oversight responsibilities are focused generally on the Board’s overall assessment of broad and general business and economic conditions in the market sectors in which the Company operates. With Board oversight, the executive management team’s planning and review and extensive Sarbanes-Oxley compliance testing of internal controls substantiates the credibility of the Company’s financial reporting and operating controls. The Board believes that reviewing, at the Board level and through the Board’s committees, the executive team’s management of the significant risks affecting the Company’s business is one of its most important areas of oversight. In addressing this oversight responsibility, the Board is assisted by its committees, which consider risks within their principal areas of responsibility and update the Board on significant risk matters.

The Board is provided with detailed and timely financial and operating communications, including the nature of significant capital projects as well as other important business matters indicating business trends and economic projections that might affect the Company’s businesses. The Board regularly reviews information relating to risks associated with the Company’s strategy and annual business plans, the Company’s practices and procedures relating to culture, values and conduct, and potential reputational risks.Therisks.  The Audit Committee’s oversight function includes discussion with management of the Company’s major financial risk exposures and the steps management has taken to monitor and control such exposures, including the Company’s risk assessment and risk management policies.  The Audit Committee is also responsible for the oversight of cyber risk management practices and policies. The Compensation Committee provides oversight on our assessment and management of risks relating to our executive compensation.Thecompensation. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee provides oversight on our management of risks associated with the independence of the Board, compliance with the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, and potential conflicts of interest .interest.  The Environmental, Health, and Safety Committee is responsible for reviewing and communicating with other Committee Chairs and with the Board about enterprise risks facing the Company relating to the Company’s safety, environmental, and health policies, practices, procedures and performance .performance.  While each committee is responsible for providing oversight with respect to the management of risks, the entire Board is regularly informed about our risks through committee reports and management presentations, which facilitate visibility with and development of strategies to address key risks over the short, intermediate, and long term.

Board’s Role in Company Strategy and Leadership

The Board has an active role in the Company’s overall strategies. Each year, the Board conducts a comprehensive, in-depth review of the Company’s long-term strategy and annual operating plan and actively monitors and reviews management’s progress in executing both throughout the year. In addition, throughout the year, the Board conducts individual business strategy reviews with business leadership.

The Board recognizes that one of its most important duties is to ensure continuity in the Company’s senior leadership by overseeing the development of executive talent and planning for the effective succession of the Company’s CEO and the executive leadership team. In order to ensure that the succession planning and leadership development process supports and enhances the Company’s strategic objectives, the Board regularly consults with the CEO on the Company’s organizational needs, its leadership pipeline and the succession plans for critical leadership positions.

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The Role of the Board in Corporate Social Responsibility

Corporate social responsibility is deeply ingrained in our work, and has been for over a century. Our businesses are committed to solving customers’ complex social responsibility challenges. Every day, the products that our businesses design and manufacture protect people who use them from injury, safeguard property against damage or loss, and increase the reuse and recyclability of packaging. Moreover, our businesses seek to minimize their environmental impact and embrace sustainable material recycling practices in our operations.  We know that our first obligation is to the people who come to work at each of our businesses, and we are committed to our goal of zero reportable accidents.

The Board’s Environmental, Health, and Safety Committee reviews our comprehensive program that ensures the health and safety of our employees.

Environmental, Social and Governance

Our business strategies and environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) responsibilities are inextricably connected and are an area of significant Board focus.  As a result, we believe that our operating model, commercial activities, and practices and procedures are closely aligned with our ESG responsibilities.

Examples of alignment between our current business and ESG goals include our work on returnable transport packaging to reduce packaging waste, especially paper and cardboard, and increase efficiency of supply chains.  Similarly, we are working closely with several customers to design and produce tooling for bottles with larger amounts of PCR (post-consumer regrind) or recycled material and to eliminate the need for labeling. 

In 2022, we continued to formalize some of the ways we manage, monitor, and report on ESG, and have adopted standards of the Global Reporting Initiative (the “GRI Standards”).  The GRI Standards are set by the Global Sustainability Standards Board which combines technical expertise, diversity of experience, and multi-stakeholder perspectives, and performs its work according to a formally defined process, exclusively in the public interest.  We believe the GRI Standards uniquely focuses on those areas where the Company has the greatest impact.  Based on our assessment of the standards, we are implementing GRI Standard 403 – Occupational Health and Safety. The Occupational Health and Safety Standard involves both prevention of physical and mental harm and promotion of workers’ health.  We are currently reviewing the remaining standards to determine which GRI Standards are most relevant to our environmental stewardship and our compliance with environmental laws and/or regulations.  We will continue to evaluate and implement additional GRI Standards.  The implementation of the GRI Standards requires disclosures on our management approach, as well as reporting of specific disclosures.  These disclosures will be available on our website at www.easterncompany.com.

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Board Committees

The Company’s Board has fivesix standing committees: the Executive Committee, the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, and the Environmental, Health, and Safety Committee and the Capital Allocation and Investment Committee.  Each of the Executive Committee, and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, Environmental, Health, and Safety Committee, and the Capital Allocation and Investment Committee is composed of three independent directors. Each of the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee is composed of four independent directors. The Environmental, Health and Safety Committee is composed of three independent directors.

Executive Committee. The Executive Committee, acting with the full authority of the Board, is responsible for issues requiring immediate attention when the Board is not in session, including approving minutes, monthly operating reports, capital expenditures, banking matters, and other issues. The members of the Executive Committee include James Mitarotonda (Chairman), Charles W. Henry, and Fredrick D. DiSanto and James A. Mitarotonda (Chairman).DiSanto. In 2022,2023, the Executive Committee did not meet.

Audit Committee. The Audit Committee advises the Board and provides oversight on matters relating to the Company’s financial reporting process, accounting functions and internal controls, and the qualifications, independence, appointment, retention, compensation and performance of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee also provides oversight with respect to legal compliance, ethics programs, and cyber risk management. The members of the Audit Committee include Michael J. Mardy (Chairman), Fredrick D. DiSanto, (Chairman), John W. Everets, Michael J. Mardy and Peggy B. Scott. In 2022,2023, the Audit Committee held four meetings.

Capital Allocation and Investment Committee. The Capital Allocation and Investment Committee is responsible for reviewing and recommending to the Board investment opportunities, considering acquisitions and referring qualified opportunities to the Board, and providing oversight of strategic efforts of the Company.  The Board adopted the charter of the Capital Allocation and Investment Committee on April 24, 2023.  The members of the Capital Allocation and Investment Committee include John W. Everets (Chairman), Fredrick D. DiSanto, and James Mitarotonda.  In 2023, the Capital Allocation and Investment Committee held three meetings.

Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee is responsible for establishing basic management compensation, incentive plan goals, and all related matters, as well as determining stock incentive grants to employees. The Board adopted the charter of the Compensation Committee on December 13, 2006. The members of the Compensation Committee include John W. EveretsFredrick D. DiSanto (Chairman), Charles W. Henry,James A. Mitarotonda John W. Everets, and Peggy B. Scott.  In 2022,2023, the Compensation Committee held fivesix meetings.

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Environmental, Health and Safety Committee. The Environmental, Health, and Safety Committee’s responsibilities include reviewing environmental, health and safety policies; overseeing the management and implementation of systems necessary for compliance with the policies; monitoring the effectiveness of policies, systems and processes; monitoring trends; and reviewing and monitoring the overall environmental, health and safety performance of the Company. The members of the Environmental, Health and Safety Committee include Peggy B. Scott (Chairperson), Charles W. Henry, andMichael J. Mardy and Mark A. Hernandez.Mardy.  The Environmental, Health and Safety Committee held four meetings in 2022.2023.  Mr. Hernandez left the Environmental, Health and Safety Committee upon becoming Chief Executive Officer of the Company in January 2023.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The Board adopted the charter of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee on May 21, 2015. As defined by the rules and regulations of NASDAQ, the independent members of the Board include all of the members of the Board other than the President and Chief Executive Officer. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee selects and recommends to the Board the nomination of individuals for election to the Board. In addition, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee considers all matters of corporate governance and makes recommendations to the Board regarding any modifications to the Company’s corporate governance profile as appropriate. The members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee include Fredrick D. DiSanto,  Charles W. Henry (Chairman), Fredrick D. DiSanto and James A. Mitarotonda. During 2022,2023, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee held fourtwo meetings. Mr. Hernandez left the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee upon becoming Chief Executive Officer of the Company in January 2023.

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Board Composition

Each member of the Board must have the ability to apply sound business judgment and must be able to exercise his or her duties of loyalty and care. Candidates for the position of director must exhibit proven leadership capabilities and high integrity, exercise high-level responsibilities within their chosen careers and can quickly grasp complex principles of business and finance. In general, candidates will be preferred to the extent they hold an established executive-level position in business, finance, law, education, research, government or civic activities. When current members of the Board are considered for nomination for reelection, their prior contributions to the Board, their performance and their meeting attendance records are taken into account.

With the aim of developing a diverse, experienced and highly-qualified Board, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for developing and recommending to the Board the desired qualifications, expertise and characteristics of members of the Board, including qualifications that the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes are necessary for one or more of the members of the Board to possess.

Since selecting qualified directors requires consideration of many factors and will be influenced by the particular needs of the Board from time to time, the Board has not adopted a specific set of minimum qualifications, qualities or skills that are necessary for a nominee to possess, other than those that are necessary to meet U.S. legal, regulatory and NASDAQ listing requirements and the provisions of our Restated Certificate of Incorporation (as amended), our Bylaws (as amended), and the charters of the committees of the Board. When considering nominees, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee takes into consideration many factors, including a candidate’s independence, integrity, skills, financial and other expertise, experience, knowledge about our business or the industries in which we operate and ability to devote adequate time and effort to responsibilities of the Board. The brief biographical description of each director set forth in Item No. 1 of this proxy statement includes the individual experience, qualifications, attributes and skill of each director that led to the conclusion that each director should serve as a member of our Board.

The Board does not have a formal or informal policy with respect to diversity but believes that the Board, taken as a whole, should embody a diverse set of skills, knowledge, experiences and backgrounds appropriate in light of the Company’s needs, and in this regard also subjectively takes into consideration the diversity (with respect to race, gender, national origin, ethnicity, and LGBTQ+) of the Board when considering director nominees. The Company’s nominees for election at the 20232024 Annual Meeting for a one-year term expiring in 20242025 include one female nominee and one male Latino nominee, who meet the generally considered Board diversity criteria.

Pursuant to the Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines, the Board examines whether the role of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer should be combined and may determine to separate or combine the offices of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer as it deems appropriate. Since January 1, 2016, the Company has separated the positions of Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. The Board believes that having a separate Chairman allows the Chief Executive Officer to focus on the day-to-day management of the Company while enabling the Board to maintain an independent perspective on the activities of the Company and executive management.

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Director Nomination Process

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee considers director nominees who are identified by the directors, by the shareholders, or through another source. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee may also use the services of a third-party search firm to assist in the identification or evaluation of director candidates, as the committee deems necessary or appropriate.

Shareholders wishing to submit the names of qualified candidates for possible nomination to the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee may make such a submission by sending the information described in the Company’s Bylaws to the Board (in care of the Secretary of the Company). This information generally must be submitted not more than 90 days nor less than 60 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting of shareholders.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will make a preliminary assessment of each proposed nominee based upon his or her resume and biographical information, the individual’s willingness to serve as a director, and other background information. When considering nominees, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee takes into consideration many factors, including a candidate’s independence, integrity, skills, diversity, financial and other expertise, experience, knowledge about our business or the industries in which we operate and ability to devote adequate time and effort to responsibilities of the Board. This information is evaluated against the criteria described above and the specific needs of the Company at the time. Based upon a preliminary assessment of the candidate(s), those who appear best suited to meet the needs of the Company may be invited to participate in a series of interviews, which are used as a further means of evaluating potential candidates. On the basis of information learned during this process, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will determine which nominee(s) they will recommend for election to the Board. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee use the same process for evaluating all nominees, regardless of the original source of the nomination.

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Board Independence

The Board is currently composed of seven members, six of whom are independent. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee conducts an annual review and makes a recommendation to the full Board as to whether each of our directors meets the applicable independence standards of the NASDAQ Rule 5605(a)(2). In accordance with the NASDAQ standards, our Board has adopted categorical standards for director independence, including heightened standards applicable to members of our Audit and Compensation Committees. A director will not be considered independent unless the Board determines that the director has no material relationship with the Company (directly, or indirectly as a partner, stockholder or officer of an organization that has a material relationship with the Company). The Board has determined that each of the current directors, except Mark A. Hernandez (since his appointment as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer), has no material relationship with the Company other than as a director and is independent within the listing standards of NASDAQ. In making its independence determinations, the Board has broadly considered all relevant facts and circumstances.

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Summary of Annual Director Compensation

During fiscal year 2022,2023, the Company paid non-employee directors individually in Common Shares as follows: the annual retainer for the Chairman of the Board is $125,000; for directors it is $70,000; the Chairman of the Audit Committee received an additional $10,000; the Chairman of the Compensation Committee, and the Chairperson of the Environmental, Health and Safety Committee, and the Chairman of the Capital Allocation and Investment Committee each received an additional $7,500; the Chairman of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee received an additional $2,000. In addition to the annual retainer fee, all non-employee directors were compensated for all meetings in addition to the Board’s five regularly scheduled meetings as follows: $1,500 for each in-person meeting and $500 for each telephonic meeting. There will beare no changeanticipated changes to the compensation given to the committee chairs and compensation for meetings over the five regularly scheduled meetings for fiscal year 2023.2024.

Each director receives their fees in the form of Common Shares. The Common Shares are issued under the Directors’ Fee Program (the “Directors’ Fee Program”) provided for in The Eastern Company 2020 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”).

The Company maintains a minimum share ownership requirement for non-employee directors. The Common Share ownership requirement will be deemed to have been met once the total net realizable share value held by a non-employee director exceeds five (5) times the annual base retainer paid to the non-employee director. Non-employee directors should attain this target within five (5) years of becoming a member of the Board.

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION IN FISCAL 20222023

	(1)	This table discloses the compensation received by all non-employee directors who served as a director in 2022.2023. Mr. VlakHernandez did not receive any compensation for his service as a director of the Company. Mr. Hernandez is included in this table because he received compensation in fiscal 2022 as a non-employee director, but he is not expected to receive any such compensation in 2023, as he is now an employee of the Company.
	(2)	The amounts listed are director fees paid in newly issued stock of the Company and could include adjustments for fractional shares from previous periods.
	(3)	The amounts listed represent the dollar value of insurance premiums paid by, or on behalf of, the Company during the covered fiscal year with respect to life insurance for the benefit of the director. All non-employee directors are provided a life insurance benefit. Messrs. DiSanto Mitarotonda and HernandezMitarotonda have a $50,000 benefit and Messrs. Everets, Henry, and Mardy and Mrs. Scott have a $25,000 benefit. The life insurance benefit is reduced after age 70.

For information on compensation for Mr. Vlak,Hernandez, who served during 20222023 as a director and the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, see the executive compensation tables beginning on page 21.21..

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POLICIES AND PROCEDURES CONCERNING RELATED PERSONS TRANSACTIONSPolicies and Procedures Concerning Related Persons Transactions

Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics prohibits all conflicts of interest between the Company and any of its directors, officers and employees, except under guidelines approved by the Board or the Board committees. A conflict of interest exists whenever an individual’s private interests interfere or conflict in any way (or even appear to interfere or conflict) with the interests of the Company. Employees are encouraged to report any conflicts of interest, or potential conflicts of interest, to their supervisors or superiors. However, if an employee does not believe it appropriate or if he or she is not comfortable approaching his or her supervisors or superiors, then the employee may contact either the Chairman of the Audit Committee or Company counsel.

To identify related party transactions, each year the Company requires our directors and executive officers to complete a questionnaire that identifies any transaction with the Company or any of its subsidiaries in which the director or executive officer or members of his or her family have an interest. If any related party transactions are reported, the Board reviews them to determine if the potential for a prohibited conflict of interest exists. Prior to its review, the Board will require full disclosure of all material facts concerning the relationship and financial interest of the relevant individuals in the transaction. Each year, our directors and executive officers also review our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.

The Board has determined that no transactions occurred since the beginning of fiscal 20212022 involving any director, director nominee or executive officer of the Company, any known 5% shareholder of the Company or any immediate family member of any of the foregoing persons (together “related persons”) that would require disclosure as a “related person transaction.”

2017

COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Our named executive officers for fiscal year 20222023 were:

August M. VlakMark A. Hernandez	President and Chief Executive Officer
John L. Sullivan IIIAugust M. Vlak	ViceFormer President and Chief FinancialExecutive Officer
Peter O’HaraNicholas A. Vlahos	Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
James P. Woidke	Former Chief Operating Officer

Mr. Vlak resigned as President and Chief Executive Officer as of January 23, 2023 and was succeeded in those roles by Mark A. Hernandez.  Mr. Sullivan retired from his roleWoidke resigned as Vice President and Chief FinancialOperating Officer as of the close of business on May 15, 2022 and was succeeded by Mr. O’Hara, who served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from May 16, 2022 through February 3,April 1, 2023.

Executive Officer Biographies

James P. Woidke, aged 60, has been with the Company since 2017.  Mr. Woidke was named to his current role of Chief Operating Officer in September 2020. Prior to assuming this role, Mr. Woidke led Eastern’s Eberhard Manufacturing Group as Managing Director since 2017. Previously, Mr. Woidke served as President, Forged and Machined Products Group of Park Ohio Corporation, a diversified international manufacturing public company from 2015 to 2017.  Prior to joining Park Ohio, Mr. Woidke held several leadership positions with SIFCO Industries, Inc., an international public aerospace, and energy forging company from 2006 to 2015.  Mr. Woidke was named President in 2014, having served as Executive Vice-President and Chief Operating Officer from 2010-2014.  Prior to assuming the COO role, Mr. Woidke led SIFCO’s Forged and Machined Products group as General Manager from 2006-2010.  Prior to joining SIFCO, Mr. Woidke was the Director of Engineering and Quality, as well as Business Unit Manager, for Anchor Manufacturing Group from 2003 to 2006. From 1993 to 2003, Mr. Woidke held various leadership positions with Lake Erie Screw Corporation, last serving as Director of Manufacturing Operations.

Nicholas Vlahos, 41,42, joined Eastern in 2017.  Mr. Vlahos was named to his current role of Chief Financial officerOfficer in February 2023.  Prior to assuming this role, Mr. Vlahos was the Company’s Treasurer, and since 2022, had served as Vice President of Finance, Treasurer and Secretary of the Company. Mr. Vlahos earlier served as Director of Finance, Accounting and Human Resources at Fischer Technology, Inc., the North American division of Helmut Fischer GmbH, the market leader for manufacturing of coating thickness and material measurement equipment.  Prior to joining Fischer Technology, Inc. he served as controller and general manager for Inframat Corporation, a research and development contractor for the US Government.  He earned an MBA and a BA from Central Connecticut State University.

Compensation Governance

The Compensation Committee recommends to the Board policies and processes for the regular and orderly review of the performance and compensation of the Company’s senior executive management personnel, including the President and Chief Executive Officer. The Compensation Committee reviews and approves corporate goals and objectives relevant to compensation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers; recommends to the Board and/or the Company’s Management with respect to compensation of executives other than named executive officers and administers the Company’s stock plan, The Eastern Company 2020 Stock Incentive Plan and all other equity-based plans from time to time.  The Compensation Committee regularly reviews, administers, and when necessary recommends changes to the Company’s stock incentive and performance-based compensation plans.

The Compensation Committee is comprised of members of the Board, none of whom may be an active or retired officer or employee of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. Members of the Compensation Committee are appointed annually by the Board. Messrs. Fredrick DiSanto, John W. Everets, Charles W. Henry, James A. Mitarotonda and Mrs. Peggy B. Scott were the members of the Compensation Committee during fiscal year 2022.2023.  Mr. EveretsDiSanto has served as Chairman of the Compensation Committee since January 1, 2022.April 24, 2023. The Compensation Committee held five meetings during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.30, 2023. Neither the Compensation Committee nor management engaged any compensation consultant during fiscal year 2022.

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2023.

This Compensation Discussion and Analysis focuses on:

	·	The guiding principles and objectives underlying the Company’s compensation program, including the performance levels that the program is designed to reward; and
	·	A description of each of the components of the compensation program, including an explanation as to why these elements were selected as the preferred means to achieve the compensation program’s objectives, and how the amount of each element of compensation is determined.

Principles and Objectives of the Compensation Program

The Company’s compensation program and policy are designed to attract, motivate, retain and reward highly qualified executives and employees and to reinforce the relationship between individual performance and business results in a manner that aligns the interests of executives and shareholders.

At our 20222023 Annual Meeting of shareholders, our shareholders were asked to vote on a non-binding resolution relating to the compensation of the Company’s named executive officers. The advisory vote requested that shareholders vote for a resolution approving of the compensation of the Company’s named executive officers, which resolution was adopted by shareholders representing approximately 98.0%98.3% of the votes cast. The Compensation Committee has considered the results of this advisory vote and has deemed it to indicate the shareholders’ approval of the Company’s compensation package, which is designed to be competitive and to encourage executive retention. An advisory vote at our 20172023 annual meeting of shareholders requested the shareholders to determine the frequency with which the compensation of the named executive officers would be presented for a shareholder vote. The shareholders elected to have such a vote every year. Based on the shareholders’ vote, the Board has adopted a policy whereby an advisory vote on the compensation of the named executive officers will be held every year. Shareholders are being asked to vote again on the frequency of the shareholder vote for the compensation of the named executive officers at the 2023 Annual Meeting.  See Item No. 2 – Advisory Vote on the Compensation of Our Named Executive Officers and Item No. 3 – Advisory Vote Regarding the Frequency of Future Advisory Votes To Approve the Compensation of our Named Executive Officers.

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The Board has adopted an incentive compensation clawback policypolicies as part of the Board’s ongoing efforts to strengthen the Company’s corporate governance and risk management.  The policy ispolicies are designed to ensure that incentive compensation is awarded based on accurate financial and operating data and the correct calculation of the Company’s performance against incentive targets.  The policy requirespolicies require the Compensation Committee to seek the recovery of incentive compensation from current and former officers of the Company (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) in the event of fraud or misconduct or aan accounting restatement ofdue to the financial or operating resultsmaterial noncompliance of the Company that results inwith any financial reporting requirement under the payment of inflated incentive compensation.securities laws.

The Company also has an anti-hedging policy that prohibits Restricted Persons“Restricted Persons” from short-term trading, taking short positions, hedging or, hedgingexcept in limited circumstances, pledging Company Shares.Shares or holding Company Shares in margin accounts. Restricted Persons include Directors, Corporate Officersdirectors, corporate officers or other members of the Company’s senior management team, or employees of the Company. 

The following principles guide the Company’s compensation practices as applied to all executives.

Compensation levels should be sufficiently competitive to attract and retain highly qualified executives and employees.

The Company endeavors to pay compensation at levels consistent with prevailing levels of compensation for similar positions in the geographic areas in which the Company maintains operations, in order to enable the Company to attract and retain the talent needed to achieve its business objectives. The Compensation Committee has used various sources to evaluate the competitiveness and overall structure of executive compensation and non-employee director compensation.

Compensation should be aligned with performance.

The Company believes that a significant portion of executive compensation should take the form of annual incentives based on the annual results of operations achieved by the Company and its subsidiaries as well as long-term value creation. The Company believes that its practice of paying annual incentives based on individual and overall results of operations supports an integrated business model.

The Company’s incentive compensation program is balanced between short- and long-term incentive compensation. Short-term incentive compensation—in the form of annual cash incentive awards—is awarded based on annual financial performance and operational goals. This design achieves our objective of offering superior pay for superior performance. Long-term incentive compensation is an important component of the Company’s total compensation for executives. The Company’s long-term incentive compensation program grants stock options, stock appreciation rights and restricted stock awards at appropriate times and in appropriate amounts to serve as a long-term performance incentive. The Compensation Committee believes that the Company’s long-term incentive program provides executives with the opportunity to increase their ownership in the Company, thereby more closely aligning the best interests of the shareholders and the executives. The Company maintains a minimum share ownership requirement for named executive officers. The Common Share ownership requirement will be deemed to have been met once the total net realizable share value held by: the Company’s Chief Executive Officer exceeds five (5) times his annual base salary; and the Company’s Chief Financial Officer exceeds two (2) times his annual base salary; and the Company’s Chief Operating Officer exceeds $100,000.salary. The Company has determined this requirement should be met by December 31, 2028 for the Company’s new Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, and by December 31, 2025 for the Company’s Chief Operating Officer.

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Compensation should reflect an individual’s position and responsibility, and compensation for named executive officers should be more heavily weighted toward incentive pay.

Total compensation should generally increase with position and responsibility. Employees in named executive officer positions have greater roles and responsibilities associated with achieving the Company’s performance goals, and should thus have a greater portion of their compensation tied to the achievement of those goals. Accordingly, a greater percentage of compensation for more senior positions, particularly those with the greatest responsibility for driving achievement of performance targets, is paid in the form of potential short- and long-term incentive pay.

Components of the Compensation Program

Base salary

Base salaries are set after referencing market data for similar positions from the salary.com survey report on compensation in the manufacturing sector and the Company’s independent benchmarking of peer companies.  The Company selects peer companies based on comparable size, nature of operations, and complexity and scope of business activities. 

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The compensation of the Company’s former President and Chief Executive Officer, August M. Vlak, was determined pursuant to the terms and conditions of an employment agreement between Mr. Vlak and the Company, entered into effective January 1, 2018.  Mr. Vlak’s base salary was $494,104 for the year ended December 31, 2022. Mr. Vlak’s base salary was not increased for 2023. Mr. Vlak resigned from the Company effective as of January 23, 2023.

The compensation of named executive officer John L. Sullivan III,James P. Woidke, the Company’s former Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, was determined annually by the Compensation Committee and approved by the Board. Mr. Sullivan’s base salary was $362,122 for the year ended December 31, 2022. Mr. Sullivan retired from the Company during 2022.

The compensation of named executive officer Peter O’Hara, the Company’s former Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, was determined annually by the Compensation Committee and approved by the Board. Mr. O’Hara’s base salary was $425,000 for the year ended December 31, 2022. Effective January 1, 2023, Mr. O’Hara’s base salary increased 3% to $437,750.  Mr. O’Hara served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company from May 16, 2022 until his resignation from the Company effective as of February 3, 2023.

The compensation of named executive officer James P. Woidke, Chief Operating Officer, iswas determined by the Compensation Committee and approved by the Board. Mr. Woidke’s base salary was $360,500 for the year ended December 31, 2022. Mr. Woidke’s base salary was not increased for 2023. Mr. Woidke resigned as Chief Operating Officer on April 1, 2023.

The compensation of named executive officer Mark Hernandez, President and Chief Executive Officer, is determined by the Compensation Committee and approved by the Board. Mr. Hernandez’s base salary was $515,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023.  Effective January 1, 2024, Mr. Hernandez’s base salary increased 3.0% to $530,450. 

The compensation of named executive officer Nicholas Vlahos, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, is determined by the Compensation Committee and approved by the Board.  Mr. Vlahos’s base salary was $350,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023.  Effective January 1, 2024, Mr. Vlahos’s base salary increased 5.7% to $370,000. 

Total compensation of Messrs. Vlak, SullivanHernandez and WoidkeVlahos is below the average for similar positions at comparable organizations in the United States as reported by the salary.com survey and the Company’s independent benchmarking of peer companies. 

Short-Term Incentives — Annual Cash Incentives

For fiscal year 2022,2023, the named executive officers were eligible to receive short-term incentive compensation based on the annual performance of the Company.  Short-term incentives were based on specific goals in the Company’s annual operating plan, as approved by the BoardCompensation Committee on December 15, 202114, 2022 for Mr. Vlak Mr. Sullivan, and Mr. Woidke.  Subsequently, the BoardCompensation Committee approved Mr. O’Hara’sHernandez’s and Mr. Vlahos’ short-term incentive on January 3, 2022.April 24, 2023.   Seventy percent of the short-term incentive for Mr. Vlak, Mr. O’Hara,Hernandez and Mr. SullivanVlahos  was determined by the Company’s 20222023 earnings per share and thirty percent was determined by working capital efficiency of the Company.  Working capital was defined as the combined current assets less current liabilities less cash of the businesses.  Working capital efficiency is calculated as the average quarterly working capital divided by sales.  The Company’s 20222023 earnings per share goal was $2.78,$2.60, before adjustments for one-time costs.costs, which was subsequently adjusted on April, 24, 2023 to an earnings per share goal of $2.23.  The Company’s working capital efficiency goal for 20222023 was 25.2%28.4%.  Seventy percent of the short-term incentive for Mr. Woidke was determined by the 20222023 earnings from the operating businesses; the remaining thirty percent was determined by the working capital efficiency of the operating businesses.  Determination of the Company’s results and achievement of performance targets is subject to final approval by the Compensation Committee.

In 2022,2023, if the Company achieved its earnings per share and working capital efficiency goals, Mr. Vlak was eligible to earn a total short-term incentive equal to 100% of his base salary.  The threshold for earning each component of the short-term incentive was achieved at 80% of the goal.  At 80% achievement of each goal, Mr. Vlak was eligible to earn 50%35% of the associated short-term incentive. If the Company achieved less than 80% of a goal, Mr. Vlak was not eligible to earn the associated short-term incentive.  At 125% achievement of each goal, Mr. Vlak was eligible to earn 135%180% of the associated short-term incentive.  Mr. Vlak was eligible to earn a maximum short-term incentive of 200% of his base salary.

In 2022,2023, if the Company achieved its earnings per share and working capital efficiency goals, Mr. SullivanHernandez was eligible to earn a total short-term incentive equal to 40%100% of his base salary.  The threshold for earning each component of the short-term incentive was achieved at 80% of the goal.  At 80% achievement of each goal, Mr. SullivanHernandez was eligible to earn 50%35% of the associated short-term incentive. AtIf the Company achieved less than 80% of eacha goal, Mr. SullivanHernandez was not eligible to earn the associated short-term incentive.  At 125% achievement of each goal, Mr. SullivanHernandez was eligible to earn 54%180% of the associated short-term incentive.  Mr. SullivanHernandez was eligible to earn a maximum short-term incentive of 80%200% of his base salary.  Mr. Sullivan retired during 2022 and as such did not receive any short-term incentive.

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In 2022,2023, if the Company achieved its earnings per share and working capital efficiency goals, Mr. O’HaraVlahos was eligible to earn a total short-term incentive equal to 45% of his base salary.  The threshold for earning each component of the short-term incentive was achieved at 80% of the goal.  At 80% achievement, Mr. O’HaraVlahos was eligible to earn 50%35% of the associated short-term incentive. At less than 80% of each goal, Mr. O’HaraVlahos was not eligible to earn the associated short-term incentive.  At 125% achievement of each goal, Mr. O’HaraVlahos was eligible to earn 135%180% of the associated short-term incentive.  Mr. O’HaraVlahos was eligible to earn a maximum short-term incentive of 90% of his base salary.

In 2022,2023 if the Company achieved its operating earnings and working capital efficiency goals, Mr. Woidke was eligible to earn a total short-term incentive equal to 70% of his base salary.  The threshold for earning each component of the short-term incentive was achieved at 80% of the goal.  At 80% achievement, Mr. Woidke was eligible to earn 50%35% of the associated short-term incentive. At less than 80% of each goal, Mr. Woidke was not eligible to earn the associated short-term incentive.  At 125% achievement of each goal, Mr. Woidke was eligible to earn 135%180% of the associated short-term incentive.  Mr. Woidke was eligible to earn a maximum short-term incentive of 140% of his base salary.

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In 2022,2023, Mr. Vlak earned an annual cash incentive of $105,879,$19,722, or approximately 21%52% of his prorated base salary. The annual cash incentive did not include any payment for the Company’s earnings per share goal for 2023, weighted by 70%. The Board approved a bonus of $5,586, as a minimum for the earnings per share target.  The annual cash incentive included $14,136 for the Company’s achievement of 124% of its working capital efficiency goal for 2023 weighted at 30%.

In 2023, Mr. Hernandez earned an annual cash incentive of $267,285, or approximately 52% of his base salary. The annual cash incentive did not include any payment for the Company’s earnings per share goal for 2022,2023, weighted by 70%.  The Board approved a bonus of $75,705, as a minimum for the earnings per share target. The annual cash incentive included $105,879$191,580 for the Company’s achievement of 87.5%124.0% of its working capital efficiency goal for 20222023 weighted at 30%.

In 2022,2023, Mr. O’HaraVlahos earned an annual cash incentive of $90,825, or approximately 26% of his base salary. The annual cash incentive did not include any payment for the Company’s earnings per share goal for 2023, weighted by 70%.  The Board approved a bonus of $25,725, as a minimum for the earnings per share target. The annual cash incentive included $65,100 for the Company’s achievement of 124.0% of its working capital efficiency goal for 2023 weighted at 30%.

In 2023, Mr. Woidke did not earn a short-term cash incentive due to his resignation prior to approval of the payment by the Board of Directors.

In 2022, Mr. Sullivan did not earn a short-term cash incentive due to his retirement in 2022.

In 2022, Mr. Woidke earned an annual cash incentive of $54,075, or 15% of base compensation. The annual cash incentive did not include any payment for the Company’s earnings from operating businesses goal for 2022, weighted by 70%. The annual cash incentive included $54,075 for the Company’s achievement of 87.5% of its working capital goal for 2022, weighted at 30%.

The following table shows the incentive calculation for fiscal year 20222023 based on the short-term incentive earned:

Long-term incentives and performance-based stock appreciation rights and options

On February 7, 2018, the named executive officers were granted SARs which were scheduled to vest on February 1, 2021, provided certain performance goals were achieved (the “2020 Performance Period”).  The exercise price of $24.90 per unit is equal to 100% of the fair market value of a Common Share on the grant date of the SAR.  The performance goal was the Company’s Book Value, defined as the total assets minus the value of total liabilities as recorded on the Company’s balance sheet at the close of December of fiscal year 2020.

On February 25, 2019, the named executive officers were granted SARs which were scheduled to vest on February 1, 2022, provided certain performance goals are achieved (the “2021 Performance Period”). The exercise price of $26.30 per unit is equal to 100% of the fair market value of a Common Share on the grant date of the SAR.  The performance goal was the Company’s Book Value at the close of December of fiscal year 2021.  The Company’s Book Value is defined as the total assets minus the value of total liabilities as recorded on the Company’s balance sheet.

On April 29, 2020, the named executive officers were granted SARs which were scheduled to vest on February 1, 2023, provided certain performance goals were achieved (the “2022 Performance Period”). The exercise price of $20.20 per unit is equal to 100% of the fair market value of a Common Share on the grant date of the SAR.  The performance goals were the Company’s Book Value at the close of December of fiscal year 2022 and the ROIC achieved in fiscal year 2022. The ROIC is defined as the sum of the Company’s average annual fixed assets, intangible assets, and current assets as of the end of fiscal year 2022; reduced by the sum of the Company’s average annual current liabilities and cash as of the end of fiscal year 2022; then divided by tax adjusted EBIT. The Company’s Book Value is defined as the total assets minus the value of total liabilities as recorded on the Company’s balance sheet. The SARs vested 50% on February 1, 2023, based on the Company’s performance during the 2022 Performance Period.

On January 15, 2021, the named executive officers were granted performance stock awards which vest on March 1, 2024, provided certain performance goals are achieved (the “2023 Performance Period”). The performance goal is the Company’s ROIC achieved in fiscal year 2023. The ROIC is defined as the sum of the Company’s average annual fixed assets, intangible assets, and current assets as of the end of fiscal year 2023; reduced by the sum of the Company’s average annual current liabilities and cash as of the end of fiscal year 2023; then divided by tax-adjusted EBIT.

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On March 15, 2022, the named executive officers were granted performance stock awards which vest on March 1, 2025, provided certain performance goals are achieved (the “2024 Performance Period”). One third of the award vests after 3 years, subject to continued employment on the vesting date. One third of the award has a performance goal based upon the Company’s ROIC achieved in fiscal year 2024. The ROIC is defined as the sum of the Company’s average annual fixed assets, intangible assets, and current assets as of the end of fiscal year 2024; reduced by the sum of the Company’s average annual current liabilities and cash as of the end of fiscal year 2024; then divided by tax-adjusted EBIT.  The final third of the award has a performance goal based upon the Company’s EBITDA target for 2024.

On April 24, 2023, the named executive officers were granted performance stock awards which vest on March 1, 2024, March, 1, 2025 and March 1, 2026, provided certain performance goals are achieved (the “2023, 2024 and 2025 Performance Periods”). One ninth of the award vests on each of March 1, 2024, 2025 and 2026, subject to continued employment on the vesting date. One ninth of the award has a performance goal based upon the Company’s ROIC achieved in each fiscal year 2023, 2024, and 2025. The ROIC is defined as the sum of the Company’s average annual fixed assets, intangible assets, and current assets as of the end of each fiscal year 2023, 2024, and 2025; reduced by the sum of the Company’s average annual current liabilities and cash as of the end of each fiscal year 2023, 2024, and 2025; then divided by tax-adjusted EBIT.  One ninth of the award has a performance goal based upon the Company’s EBITDA target for each year, 2023, 2024, and 2025.

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The performance periods are as follows:

		Grantee SARs (units) & Performance Stock Awards
	Vlak	Sullivan	O’Hara	Woidke
2020 Performance					Book Value Target	Book Value Achieved	Vested
Period	20,000	10,000	--	7,000	$117.8 million	$104.3 M	Yes (1)
2021 Performance Period					Book Value Target	Book Value Achieved	Vested
	12,000	5,000	--	7,000	$127.0 million	$114.7 M	Yes (2)
2022 Performance Period (3,4)	--	--	--	7,000	50% Book Value Target $133.0 million     50% ROIC Target 9.3% to 11%	Book Value Achieved $135.1 M ROIC Achieved 6.6%	Vested 50% Vested
2023 Performance Period (3,4)	--	--	--	4,200	ROIC Target 9.3% to 11%	ROIC Achieved ----	Vested ----
2024 Performance Period (4)	---	--	--	6,400	34% Vests after 3 years   33% EBITDA Target $49.2M to 61.5M   33% ROIC Target 11.3% to 17%	Vesting Period ----   EBITDA Achieved ----   ROIC Achieved ----	Vested ----

	Grantee SARs (units) & Performance Stock Awards
	Hernandez	Vlahos
2022 Performance Period	----	500	50% Book Value Target $133.0 million     50% ROIC Target 9.3% to 11%	Book Value Achieved $135.1 M ROIC Achieved 6.6%	Vested 50% Vested
2023 Performance Period	----	----	ROIC Target 9.3% to 11%	ROIC Achieved 8.6%	Vested 0%
2023 Performance Period	9,108	2,478	34% Vests after 1 year   33% EBITDA Target $22.4M to 28.0M   33% ROIC Target 6.6% to 8.3%	Achieved     EBITDA Achieved $25.6M   ROIC Achieved 8.6%	Vested   100%       79%   100%
2024 Performance Period	----	1,200	34% Vests after 3 years   33% EBITDA Target $49.2M to 61.5M   33% ROIC Target 11.3% to 17%	Vesting Period ----   EBITDA Achieved ----   ROIC Achieved ----	Vested ----
2024 Performance Period	9,800	2,667	34% Vests after 2 year   33% EBITDA Target $27.4M to 34.2M   33% ROIC Target 6.6% to 8.3%	Vesting Period ----   EBITDA Achieved ----   ROIC Achieved ----	Vested   ----
2025 Performance Period	9,800	2,667	34% Vests after 3 year   33% EBITDA Target $31.0M to 38.7M   33% ROIC Target 6.6% to 8.3%	Vesting Period ----   EBITDA Achieved ----   ROIC Achieved ----	Vested   ----

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(1)	The Compensation Committee waived the performance goal for the 2020 Performance Period due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
	(2)	The Compensation Committee adjusted the performance goal for the 2021 Performance Period due to the effects of the discontinued business operations and the closure and consolidation of facilities.
	(3)	Mr. Sullivan’s unvested SARs and performance awards were forfeited upon his retirement.
	(4)	Mr. Vlak and Mr. O’Hara’s SARs and performance awards were forfeited upon their respective resignations.

Retirement and Other Post-Termination Plans

401(k) Plan

The Company maintains The Eastern Company Savings and Investment Plan (the “SIP”) for the benefit of certain eligible employees, including executive officers. An eligible employee who participates in the SIP may execute a salary reduction agreement requiring the Company to reduce his or her taxable earnings by a percentage of his or her compensation (as elected by the participant) and to contribute that amount to the SIP. The amount of the contribution could not exceed $20,500$22,500 for calendar year 2022,2023, plus an additional $6,500$7,500 catch-up contribution for those participants ages 50 and older.

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If an employee executes such a salary reduction agreement, the Company will make a matching contribution to the SIP on behalf of the employee. For 2022,2023, the matching contribution equaled 50% of that portion of an employee’s salary reduction contribution that did not exceed 6% of his or her compensation.

Effective June 1, 2016, the SIP was amended to increase the non-discretionary profit-sharing contribution to 3%, and eligibility for the profit-sharing contribution was extended to all non-union U.S. employees. The SIP was also amended to provide for a non-discretionary contribution (the “transitional credit”) for certain non-union U.S. employees who were eligible to participate in the Salaried Employees Retirement Plan of The Eastern Company (the “Salaried Plan”). The amount of this non-discretionary contribution ranges from 0% to 4% of compensation, based on the age of the individual on June 1, 2016.

Earnings in excess of $305,000$330,000 for calendar year 20222023 cannot be taken into account under the SIP. An employee is fully vested in his or her salary reduction contributions and the earnings on those contributions. An employee will become vested in any matching contributions, transitional credits, and non-discretionary profit-sharing contributions, and the earnings thereon, under a graded vesting schedule, with full vesting after completing five years of service or upon reaching age 65. Employees who are participating in the SIP may direct that their account balances be invested in one or more investment options offered under the plan.

Pension Benefits

The Company maintains the Salaried Plan for the benefit of certain eligible employees, including executive officers. On April 5, 2016, the Board passed a resolution freezing benefit accruals under the Salaried Plan, effective as of May 31, 2016. As a result, compensation and years of service earned after May 31, 2016 are not taken into account in determining the amount of a member’s retirement benefit under the Salaried Plan. No executive is eligible for the pension plan.

An employee reaches his or her normal retirement date and can begin benefits without reduction upon reaching age 65

(or, if later, the earlier of the attainment of age 70 or the completion of five years of participation in the plan). An employee reaches his or her early retirement date when he or she reaches age 55 after completing 20 years of service. An employee who is eligible for early retirement can elect to begin to receive his or her benefits on an actuarially reduced basis. In addition, if an employee’s age and years of service equal at least 90, the employee can elect to begin to receive his or her benefits with a smaller reduction for early commencement than is otherwise applicable for early retirement.

Pension Benefits Table

The following table provides certain information regarding the present value of accumulated benefits under the Company’s qualified and nonqualified defined benefit pension plans as of the last day of the 2022 fiscal year:

Name	Plan Name	Number of Years of Credited Service (#)	Present Value of Accumulated Benefit ($) (1)	Payments During Last Fiscal Year ($)
August M. Vlak	Salaried Plan(2)	0	$ 0	-
John L. Sullivan III	Salaried Plan(3)	45	2,071,821	-
Peter O’Hara	Salaried Plan(2)	0	0	-
James P. Woidke	Salaried Plan(2)	0	0	-

	(1)	Present value is determined by reference to the Pri-2012 Scale MP-2020 mortality table and an interest rate of 2.40%.
	(2)	The Salaried Plan was frozen before Mr. Vlak, Mr. O’Hara and Mr. Woidke had accrued any benefits.
	(3)	Under the Salaried Plan, Mr. Sullivan is eligible for normal retirement.

2623

COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT

We, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company, have reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis set forth above with management and, based on such review and discussions, have recommended to the Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this proxy statement and, through incorporation by reference to this proxy statement, in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.2023.

Compensation Committee:

John W. Everets,Fredrick D. DiSanto, Chairman

Charles W. Henry

Peggy B. Scott

James A. MitarotondaJohn W. Everets

COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION

Fredrick D. DiSanto, John W. Everets, Charles W. Henry, James A. Mitarotonda and Peggy B. Scott served on the Compensation Committee during fiscal year 2022.2023. During the 20222023 fiscal year, no member of the Compensation Committee was, or had previously been, an officer or employee of the Company or its subsidiaries or had any direct or indirect material interest in a transaction with the Company or in a business relationship with the Company that would require disclosure under the applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, no interlocking relationship existed between any member of the Compensation Committee or an executive officer of the Company, on the one hand, and any member of the compensation committee (or committee performing equivalent functions, or the full Board) or an executive officer of any other entity, on the other hand.

2724

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

This section of the proxy statement explains our compensation program for our principal executive officer and our named executive officers.

Summary Compensation Table

The table below summarizes the total compensation paid or earned by each of the Company’s named executive officers for the fiscal years ended January 1,December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2022.30, 2023.

Name and Principal Position	Year	Salary ($) (1)	Bonus ($) (2)	Stock Awards ($) (3)	Option Awards ($) (4)	Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) (5)	Non- Qualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) (6)	All Other Compen- sation ($) (7)	Total ($)
August M. Vlak, 56 President and CEO	2022 2021	$ 494,104 475,088	$ - -	$277,056 235,470	$ - -	$ 105,879 429,723	$ - -	$ 20,695 19,701	$ 897,734 1,159,982
John L. Sullivan III, 69 Vice President and CFO	2022 2021	120,707 351,575	- -	- 105,210	- -	- 127,202	- -	28,807 33,907	149,514 617,894
Peter O’Hara, 57 Vice President and CFO	2022	318,750		165,359	-	-		3,735	487,844
James P. Woidke, 60 Chief Operating Officer	2022 2021	360,500 350,000	- -	151,552 105,210	- -	54,075 162,241	- -	20,912 19,051	587,039 636,502

Name and Principal Position	Year	Salary ($) (1)	Bonus ($) (2)	Stock Awards ($) (3)	Option Awards ($) (4)	Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) (5)	Non- Qualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) (6)	All Other Compen- sation ($) (7)	Total ($)
August M. Vlak, 56 Former President and CEO	2023 2022	$ 83,817 494,104	$ - -	$ - 277,056	$ - -	$ 22,990 105,879	$ - -	$ 996,371 20,695	$ 1,103,178 897,734
Mark Hernandez, 57 President and CEO	2023	485,288	-	782,100	-	261,105	-	22,094	1,550,587
Nicholas Vlahos, 42	2023	339,327	-	140,000	-	88,725		20,134	588,186
Vice President and CFO
James P. Woidke, 60 Former Chief Operating Officer	2023 2022	97,058 360,500	- -	- 151,552	- -	- 54,075	- -	793,639 20,912	890,697 587,039

	(1)	The 20222023 and 20212022 fiscal years each consisted of 52 weeks.
	(2)	Amounts shown were discretionary bonuses issued in the applicable fiscal year and paid in the subsequent year to the named executive officers.
	(3)	Performance stock awards were granted on April 24, 2023 and July 10, 2023. The fair value of performance stock awards granted for 2023 for Mr. Vlak was $782,100; and for Mr. Vlahos $140,000. Mr. Vlak and Mr. Woidke, were not granted any performance stock awards for 2023 due to their separation from the Company. Performance stock awards were granted on March 15, 2022 and May 16, 2022. The fair value of performance stock awards granted for 2022 for Mr. Vlak was $277,056; for Mr. O’Hara $165,359; and for Mr. Woidke $151,552. Mr. Sullivan was not granted any performance stock awards for 2022 due to expected retirement. Performance stock awards were granted on January 15, 2021. The fair value of performance stock awards granted for 2021 for Mr. Vlak was $235,470; for Mr. Sullivan $105,210; and for Mr. Woidke $105,210.
	(4)	There were no options or SARs granted by the Company to the named executive officers in 20222023 or 2021.2022.
	(5)	Amounts shown were earned in the applicable year and paid in the subsequent year under the Company’s short-term incentive plan. Mr. Hernandez earned a bonus for 2023 in the amount of $261,105, Mr. Vlak earned a bonus for 2022 in the amount of $105,879,$22,990, Mr. SullivanVlahos earned a bonus for 2023 in the amount of $88,725, and Mr. Woidke did not earn a bonus for 2022 due to his retirement, Mr. O’Hara did not earn a bonus for 20222023 due to resigning prior to the bonus being approved by the Board of Directors and Mr. Woidke earned a bonus for 2022 in the amount of $54,075.Compensation Committee.
	(6)	Amounts shown represent above-market or preferential earnings on compensation that is deferred on a basis that is not tax-qualified, including such earnings on nonqualified defined contribution plans.
	(7)	Included in this column are Company contributions to the SIP (including matching contributions, transitional credits and profit-sharing contributions), company-paid term life insurance premiums, the value of group term life insurance in excess of $50,000, and life insurance under the Salaried Plan. The Company’s contributions to the SIP (including matching contributions, transitional credits and profit-sharing contributions) for Mr. Vlak equaled $8,163 for 2023 and $18,300 for 2022, and $17,400 for 2021, for Mr. SullivanHernandez equaled $28,807$19,800 for 2022 and $29,000 for 2021,2023, for Mr. O’Hara equaled $2,206Vlahos $19,800 for 20222023 and for Mr. Woidke equaled $9,068 for 2023 and $18,300 for 2022 and $17,400 for 2021.2022. Company-paid term life insurance premiums for Mr. Vlak equaled $2,395 for 2022, and $2,301 for 2021, for Mr. Sullivan equaled $4,907Hernandez $2,294 for 2021,2023, for Mr. O’Hara $1,529Vlahos $334 for 20222023, and for Mr. Woidke equaled $2,612 for 20222022. Severance paid upon termination for Mr. Vlak equaled $988,208 for 2023 and $1,651 for 2021.Mr. Woidke equaled $784,571 for 2023.

2825

STOCK BASED AWARDS

On April 28, 2010, the shareholders approved the 2010 Plan, which by its terms expired on February 9, 2020. No additional options or shares of restricted stock may be granted under the 2010 Plan. However, SARs and options previously granted remain exercisable in accordance with their terms.

On April 29, 2020, the shareholders approved the 2020 Plan, which by its terms will terminate on February 19, 2030. The 2020 Plan authorizes the grant of incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options to purchase Common Shares, the grant of shares of restricted stock, and the grant of other stock-based awards (such as SARs). The Compensation Committee determines the terms and conditions of the awards granted under the 2020 Plan, subject to the terms of the 2020 Plan. Awards are permitted to be granted to salaried officers and other key employees of the Company, whether or not such employees are also serving as directors of the Company. The 2020 Plan also provides for the grant of nonqualified stock options to non-employee directors of the Company.

The purchase price of the Common Shares subject to each incentive stock option granted under the 2020 Plan may not be less than the fair market value of the Common Shares on the date of grant. The purchase price of Common Shares subject to non-qualified stock options granted under the 2020 Plan, and the price (if any) which must be paid to acquire a share of restricted stock granted under the 2020 Plan, is set by the Compensation Committee.

Incentive stock options must be exercised within ten years of the date of grant. Non-qualified stock options must be exercised within the period set forth in the 2020 Plan or, if the 2020 Plan permits, within the period established by the Compensation Committee. Moreover, options may not be exercised more than three months after termination of employment or termination of service as a director. However, in the case of death or disability, the option may be exercised within one year after death or disability by the estate of such named executive officer. The three month period is also extended to one year for an optionee who terminates employment or terminates service as a director at or after reaching age sixty-five (65).

2926

STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS EXERCISED AND STOCK VESTEDEXERCISED IN FISCAL 20222023

The following table summarizes the exercise of stock options by each of the Company’s named executive officers for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2023. The named executive officers did not exercise any stock options or SARs during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and the named executive officers did not own any shares of restricted stock or performance shares which vested during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.20, 2023.

		Stock Awards
Name		Number of Shares Acquired on Exercise (#) (1)				Value Realized on Exercise ($)
James P. Woidke, COO (former)			10,600			$	206,488

(1)

Represents the total number of shares that were exercised before any withholding of shares to pay the exercise price and taxes.

3027

OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR-END

The following table displays the units of unvested SARs and performance stock awards held by each of the named executive officers at the end of fiscal year 2022.2023.

				SARs Awards																		Stock Awards
					Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised SARs (#)
Name		Grant Date			Exercisable (#)			Unexerciseable (#)				Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Unearned units (#)				Exercise Price ($)				Expiration Date		Number of Shares or Units of Stock that Have Not Vested (#)				Market value of shares of units of stock that have not vested ($)				Equity incentive plan awards: Number of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested (#)				Equity incentive plan awards: Market or payout value of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested ($)
August M. Vlak		02/07/2018			20,000				-				-			$	24.90			02/07/2023
President & CEO (1)		02/25/2019			12,000				-				-				26.30			05/25/2024
		04/29/2020							12,000				-				20.20			04/29/2025
		01/15/2021																													9,400			$	181,232
		03/08/2022																					3,900			$	75,192				7,800			$	150,384
Peter O’Hara		04/26/2022																					2,367			$	45,636				4,733			$	91,252
VP & CFO (1)
John L. Sullivan, III		02/07/2018			10,000				-				-				24.90			02/07/2023
VP & CFO (2)		02/25/2019			5,000				-				-				26.30			05/25/2024
		04/29/2020			-				6,000				-				20.20			04/29/2025
		01/15/2021																													4,200			$	80,976
James P. Woidke		02/07/2018			7,000				-				-				24.90			02/07/2023
COO		02/25/2019			7,000				-				-				26.30			05/25/2024
		04/29/2020			-				7,000				-				20.20			04/29/2025
		01/15/2021																													4,200			$	80,976
		03/08/2022																					2,133			$	41,124				4,267			$	82,268

																								Stock Awards
						Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised SARs (#)
														Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Unearned units (#)				Exercise Price ($)				Expiration Date		Number of Shares or Units of Stock				Market value of shares of units of stock that have not				Equity incentive plan awards: Number of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not				Equity incentive plan awards: Market or payout value of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not
Name		Grant Date				Exercisable (#)				Unexerciseable (#)														that Have Not Vested (#)				vested ($)				vested (#)				vested ($)
Mark Hernandez,			4/24/2023																						9,996			$	219,912				19,404			$	426,888
President & CEO			7/10/2023																						15,000			$	330,000
Nicholas Vlahos, VP and CFO			2/25/2019				1,000				-				-				26.30			2/25/2024
			4/29/2020				500				-				-				20.20			4/29/2025
			3/15/2022																						408			$	8,976				792			$	17,424
			4/24/2023																						2,720			$	59,840				5,280			$	116,160

	(1)	Mr. Vlak and Mr. O’Hara’s SARs and performance awards were forfeited upon their respective resignations in 2023.
	(2)	Mr. Sullivan’s unvested SARs and performance awards were forfeited upon his retirement in 2022.

On February 7, 2018, the Compensation Committee granted SARs under the 2010 Plan as follows: August M. Vlak – 20,000; John L. Sullivan III – 10,000; and James P. Woidke – 7,000. The SARs have an exercise price of $24.90 (equal to the fair market value of a Common Share on the date of grant) and were scheduled to vest on February 1, 2021 based on performance targets set by Board, and to be exercisable for a period of five years (provided that the named executive officer remains an employee of the Company on the applicable vesting date and the Company meets certain performance thresholds prescribed in the SAR agreement). The performance target for vesting of the SARs was based on the Company’s book value at the close of December of fiscal year 2020.

31

On February 25, 2019, the Compensation Committee granted SARs under the 2010 Plan as follows: August M. Vlak – 12,000; James P. Woidke – 7,000; and John L. Sullivan III – 5,000. The SARs have an exercise price of $26.30 (equal to the fair market value of a Common Share on the date of grant), and were scheduled to vest on February 1, 2022 based on performance targets set by Board, and to be exercisable for a period of five years (provided that the named executive officer remains an employee of the Company on the applicable vesting date and the Company meets certain performance thresholds prescribed in the SAR agreement). The performance target for vesting of the SARs was the Company’s book value at the end of fiscal year 2021.

On April 29, 2020, the Compensation Committee granted SARs under the 2020 Plan as follows: August M. VlakNicholas Vlahos – 12,000; James P. Woidke – 7,000; and John L. Sullivan III – 6,000.1,000. The SARs have an exercise price of $20.20 (equal to the fair market value of a Common Share on the date of grant), and were scheduled to vest on February 1, 2023 based on performance targets set by the Board, and to be exercisable for a period of five years (provided that the named executive officer remains an employee of the Company on the applicable vesting date and the Company meets certain performance thresholds prescribed in the SAR agreement). The performance target for vesting of the SARs was based on the Company’s book value at the end of fiscal year 2022 and the return on invested capital for fiscal year 2022. The SARs vested 50% on March 1, 2023.

On June 9, 2020, the Compensation Committee affirmed the vesting of the SARs granted in 2018. The Compensation Committee waived the performance goal for the 2020 Performance Period due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Compensation Committee approved vesting of SARs for the following named executive officers: August M. Vlak – 20,000; John L. Sullivan III – 10,000; and James P. Woidke 7,000.

On January 15, 2021, the Compensation Committee granted performance stock awards under the 2020 Plan as follows: August M. Vlak – 9,400; James P. Woidke – 4,200; and John L. Sullivan III – 4,200. The performance stock awards will vest on March 1, 2024, provided certain performance goals are achieved (the “2023 Performance Period”). The performance stock awards will be exercisable for a period of five years (provided that the named executive officer remains an employee of the Company on the applicable vesting date and the Company meets certain performance thresholds prescribed in the performance stock awards agreement). The performance goal is based on the Company’s ROIC achieved in fiscal year 2023.

On March 2, 2022, the Compensation Committee affirmed the vesting of the SARs granted in 2019 based on the Company’s adjusted book value target. The Compensation Committee approved the vesting of SARs for the following named executive officers: August M. Vlak – 12,000; James P. Woidke – 7,000; and John L. Sullivan III – 5,000.

On March 8, 2022 and on April 26, 2022, the named executive officers were granted performance stock awards which vest on March 1, 2024,2025, provided certain performance goals are achieved (the “2024 Performance Period”). One third of the award vests after 3 years. One third of the award has a performance goal based upon the Company’s ROIC achieved in fiscal year 2024. The ROIC is defined as the sum of the Company’s average annual fixed assets, intangible assets, and current assets as of the end of fiscal year 2024; reduced by the sum of the Company’s average annual current liabilities and cash as of the end of fiscal year 2024; then divided by tax-adjusted EBIT. The final third of the award has a performance goal based upon the Company’s EBITDA target for 2024.

On March 1, 2023, the Compensation Committee affirmed 50% vesting of the SARs granted in 2020 based on the Company’s adjusted book value target; 50% of the SARs did not vest due to not achieving the ROIC goal. The Compensation Committee approved the vesting of SARs for the following named executive officers: James P. WoidkeNicholas Vlahos – 3,500.500.

On April 24, 2023, the named executive officers were granted performance stock awards which vest on March 1, 2024, March 1, 2025 and March 1 2026, provided certain performance goals are achieved (the “2023, 2024 and 2025 Performance Periods” ). One ninth of the award vests on each vesting date. One ninth of the award has a performance goal based upon the Company’s ROIC achieved in fiscal year 2023, 2024 and 2025. The ROIC is defined as the sum of the Company’s average annual fixed assets, intangible assets, and current assets as of the end of fiscal year; reduced by the sum of the Company’s average annual current liabilities and cash as of the end of fiscal year; then divided by tax-adjusted EBIT. The ninth of the award has a performance goal based upon the Company’s EBITDA target for 2023, 2024, and 2025.

3228

TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT AND CHANGE IN CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS

The following discussion describes severance and change-in-control arrangements that were in place with the NEOs as of December 31, 2022.30, 2023.

Employment Agreement

On January 16, 2018,November 14, 2023, the Company entered into an amended and restated employment agreement (the “Amended and Restated Employment Agreement”) with August M. Vlak,Mark Hernandez, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer. The Amended and Restated Employment Agreement superseded the employment agreement executed on March 29, 2016January 9, 2023 and was retroactively effective January 1, 2016. The initial term of the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement was from January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018. However, the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement automatically renewed for additional one-year terms, unless either party provided notice of nonrenewal at least 90 days prior to the end of the term.9, 2023. The Amended and Restated Employment Agreement automatically renewedprovided for one-year terms from January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019, January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020, January 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021,a term to begin on the effective date and January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022.to continue until terminated in accordance with the agreement. The Amended and Restated Employment Agreement sets forth Mr. Vlak’sHernandez’s employment duties, compensation and additional benefits, as well as certain noncompetition, nonsolicitation and nondisclosurerestrictive covenants.

Under the terms of the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, in the event of Mr. Vlak’sHernandez’s death, termination by the Company without cause, termination by Mr. VlakHernandez for good reason or due to a constructive termination, or when certain requirements are met in the event of a change in control, the Company will pay Mr. VlakHernandez (i) any accrued compensation, including earned but unpaid base salary, reimbursement for reasonable and necessary expenses, accrued but unused vacation pay, the unpaid portion of any earned annual bonus for the fiscal year preceding termination, a pro-rated portion of the actual bonus, and vested accrued employee benefits; (ii) an amount equal to one times Mr. Vlak’sHernandez’s annual base salary; and (iii) an amount equal to one times Mr. Vlak’sHernandez’s target annual bonus for the year of termination (provided that the target annual bonus for such purpose shall not be less than 100% of annual base salary). However, the change in control benefits will be reduced to the extent necessary to avoid the applicability of Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code. All payments by the Company are subject to the execution by Mr. Hernandez of a release and waiver.

On March 8, 2021, the Company entered into a change in control agreement (the “CIC Agreement”) with James P. Woidke, the Company’s Chief Operating Officer. Under the terms of the CICAmended and Restated Employment Agreement in the event of Mr. Woidke’s employment terminates due to an involuntary termination without cause for a reason other thanand upon his death, or as resultexecution of a constructive termination, which in either case occurs: (i) during the period notGeneral Release and Waiver of Claims for Mr. Vlak, he was entitled to exceed twenty-four (24) months after the effective date of a change in control; or (ii) before the effective date of a change in control, but after the first date on which the Board and/or senior management of the Company has entered into formal negotiations with a potential acquirer that results in the consummation of a change in control (provided, however, that in no event shall a termination of employment occurring more than one (1) year before the effective date of a change in control be covered), the Company will pay Mr. Woidke an amountseverance equal to one (1) times the sumyear of hissalary, accrued vacation pay, annual base salary and hisbonus target annual bonus for the year of his termination date (which target annual bonus shall not be less than 70% of his annual base salary). In order to be eligible to receive benefits under the CIC Agreement, Mr. Woidke must deliver to the Company an executed release and waiver,in which executive was terminated, and a resignation from all offices, directorships and fiduciary position withprorated bonus for 2023 based upon the Company, its affiliates and employee benefit plans. No payments shall be made prior to the last daynumber of any waiting period or revocation period required by applicable law or under the provision of the release and waiver in order for the release and waiver to be effective.weeks he was employed.

Severance Agreement

On January 15, 2022,February 1, 2023, the company entered into a TerminationSeverance Agreement with Mr. Woidke.Vlahos. Under the terms of the TerminationSeverance Agreement, in the event of Mr. Woidke’s death, termination by the CompanyVlahos’s employment is terminated without cause,good reason, or due to a constructive termination, the Company willwould pay Mr. WoidkeVlahos (i) any accrued compensation; (ii) an amount equal to one times Mr. Woidke’sVlahos’s annual base salary; and (iii) an amount equal to one times an estimate of Mr. Woidke’sVlahos’s annual bonus for the year of termination.termination, based on percent achievement of pro-rata targets; and (iv) vesting of all equity and equity-based awards under the Company’s stock incentive plans. All payments by the Company are subject to the execution by Mr. Vlahos of a release and waiver.

On March 16, 2022, the company entered into a Termination Agreement with Mr. O’Hara.  Under the terms of the TerminationSeverance Agreement in the eventand upon his execution of a General Release and Waiver of Claims for Mr. O’Hara’s death, termination by the Company without cause, or dueWoidke, he was entitled to a constructive termination, the Company would pay Mr. O’Hara (i) an amountseverance equal to one times Mr. O’Hara’syear of salary, accrued vacation pay, annual base salary; and (iii) an amount equal to one times an estimate of Mr. O’Hara’s annualbonus target bonus for the year in which executive was terminated and vesting of termination.  All payments by the Company are subject to the execution of a release and waiver.his outstanding stock awards.

The following table provides certain information regarding the benefits payable under the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement for Mr. Vlak, the CIC AgreementHernandez and the TerminationSeverance Agreement for Mr. Woidke, and the Termination Agreement for Mr. O’Hara.Vlahos. The payments to Messrs. Vlak, WoidkeHernandez and O’HaraVlahos following a change in control are based on the compensation received for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022,30, 2023, assuming a change in control became effective December 31, 2022.30, 2023.

		Absent a change in control		Following a change in control
		Termination For Cause	Termination Without Cause	Termination For Cause	Termination Without Cause
August M. Vlak	Lump-sum	-	$988,208	-	$988,208
Peter O’Hara	Lump-sum	-	612,850	-	-
James P. Woidke	Lump-sum	-	612,850	-	612,850

				Absent a change in control								Following a change in control
				Termination For Cause				Termination Without Cause				Termination For Cause				Termination Without Cause
Mark Hernandez		Lump-sum			-			$	1,061,000				-
Nicholas Vlahos		Lump-sum			-				573,500				-				-